???<!-- GIF89;a -->
123123123123
.....................................................................................................................................???<!-- GIF89;a -->
123123123123
.....................................................................................................................................Þ•    ”     ¼$    \I      Øa     Ùa  
   éa     ôa     úa     b     b     b      b     )b     1b     Ib     _b     wb     –b     œb     ¥b     ´b     ·b     ¹b     ½b     Ëb     Ïb     Ýb     ìb     úb     
c     c     c     #c     'c     >c     Uc     lc     ‚c     …c     œc     ³c     ·c     ºc     Çc     Êc     Îc  M   Ðc  R   d  Q   qd  A   Ãd  F   e  î   Le  µ   ;f  Ú   ñf  ð   Ìg  C   ½h  ¾   i  |   Ài  ô  =j  s   2o  A   ¦o  J   èo  I   3p  ´   }p     2q     8q     >q     Oq     ]q  
   eq     pq     xq     €q      q     ²q     »q  	   Íq     ×q     åq     ùq     r     #r     :r     Lr     dr     }r     r     ¡r     ¹r     Òr     ×r     ær     òr     ÿr     s     s     "s     .s     4s     <s     Cs  P   Ks     œs  	   ¬s     ¶s     ºs     Ãs     Ös     ßs     îs      t     t     t     %t     *t     :t     Ht     `t     pt     „t     •t     žt     ªt     ·t  	   Åt     Ït     ât  %   õt     u     'u     Fu     ^u     lu  	   ‚u     Œu     “u     Ÿu     §u     «u     ­u     ºu     Èu     Îu     åu     êu     øu     ÿu     v     "v     0v     <v     Hv  
   Uv     `v     mv     tv     ‚v     v     œv  
   ©v     ´v     ¼v  
   Äv     Ïv     àv     îv     óv     w     w     -w     Aw     Mw     Rw     Vw     _w  	   gw     qw     }w     w     œw     ¨w      Áw  '   âw  %   
x     0x     Cx     ^x     rx     †x     žx  =   ´x     òx     y     'y     =y     Vy     py     ˆy  2   §y     Úy     úy     z     3z  1   Oz     z     ¡z     ¼z     Ôz     èz     þz     {     .{     K{     d{     y{     ‹{     ¡{     ¼{     Õ{     ë{     |     |     /|     C|     W|     p|     ‡|      ¡|     Â|  "   á|     }  &   $}  $   K}     p}     ‡}     ¥}  %   Å}     ë}     ~     "~     ;~     P~     h~      „~      ¥~     Æ~  "   ã~          %  &   C     j          —     ­     Á     Ø     å     è     ï     ü     
€     "€  
   +€     6€     N€     \€     c€  
   i€     t€     {€     Š€     “€     ™€     ¯€     ½€     Ï€     Ü€  
   ð€     û€     
  
        !     .     K  
   j     u     |     „          ·     Ã  
   Õ     à     û     ‚     ‚     .‚     I‚     R‚     a‚  	   r‚  	   |‚  	   †‚     ‚  	   §‚  R  ±‚     ‡     ‡     -‡     0‡  /   9‡  3   i‡     ‡     ¤‡     ­‡     ¶‡     Ç‡     ×‡     æ‡     ê‡     î‡     ò‡     ö‡  	   ÿ‡     	ˆ     ˆ     ˆ     6ˆ     Oˆ     eˆ     nˆ     ˆ     ”ˆ  #   ªˆ     Îˆ  E   Öˆ     ‰     4‰     E‰     [‰  !   k‰  #   ‰     ±‰     Ì‰     Ù‰     ì‰     û‰     Š     Š     /Š     EŠ  /   VŠ     †Š     žŠ     ¦Š     ³Š     ÌŠ     ÚŠ  
   áŠ     ìŠ     úŠ     ‹     ‹     %‹     3‹     J‹     a‹     x‹     ‹‹     ™‹  2   ¡‹     Ô‹     à‹     ó‹     Œ  
   Œ     'Œ     4Œ     GŒ     UŒ     lŒ     ‚Œ     ‘Œ     ŸŒ     °Œ     ¾Œ  &   ÔŒ     ûŒ     
  
     
     
   )     4     J     a     u     ‰     ˜     ž     §  
   °     »     Ç     Ú     ô     Ž     (Ž     6Ž  	   LŽ     VŽ     fŽ     sŽ  	   |Ž     †Ž     ‹Ž     ˜Ž     ¤Ž  
   ©Ž     ´Ž     ÉŽ     ÞŽ     ãŽ     ðŽ  	   ùŽ  	          	     	         *     ;     I  	   O     Y  
   j     u     {     ˆ     Ž          °     ¾     Ë     Ú     ç            "   4     W  
   j  
   u     €  
   Ž     ™     ¬  5   Ê  )    ‘     *‘     6‘  .   M‘  -   |‘  E   ª‘  1   ð‘  I   "’  "   l’  :   ’  Q   Ê’  U   “  9   r“  =   ¬“  #   ê“  :   ”  >   I”     ˆ”     š”  	   ­”     ·”     À”     Ó”     è”     þ”     •     •     •     '•     3•     @•     Z•     o•     ‹•     ž•     ·•     Ê•  
   ã•     î•     –     –     –  
   1–     <–     H–     W–     c–  
   t–     –     –     •–     ª–    ¯–     ¶—     Ã—     Ó—  	   Ø—     â—     ä—     í—     	˜     ˜     ;˜     P˜     e˜     y˜     ˆ˜     ˜˜     °˜     ½˜     Ã˜     Ý˜  	   â˜  
   ì˜     ÷˜     ü˜     ™     	™     ™     %™     5™     =™     X™     f™     y™     †™     •™     ™™     ¡™     ©™     ±™     ¹™     Â™     Ê™     Ñ™  
   Ø™     ã™     ñ™  	   ý™     š  	   š     #š     7š  +   Kš     wš     …š     –š     ¨š     ·š     Çš     Ùš     æš     óš     ›     ›  
   +›     6›  
   J›  
   U›     `›     p›     |›     Š›     —›     œ›  …   :œ  F  Àœ  a   ž  ¢   iž  ‹   Ÿ  f  ˜Ÿ  [   ÿ   ¡   [¡  ]   ý¡  f   [¢  0   Â¢  f   ó¢  ê   Z£    E¤  >   J¥  —   ‰¥  “  !¦  _  µ§  1  ©  ˜  Gª  c  à«  z   D­  y   ¿­  „   9®  Œ   ¾®  ‡   K¯  ¯   Ó¯  -   ƒ°     ±°  o   O±  Œ   ¿±  –   L²  …   ã²  ‘   i³  Š   û³  )   †´    °´  I   ·µ  Ú   ¶  ƒ   Ü¶  œ   `·  y   ý·  ’   w¸     
¹     ¹     ¹     #¹     6¹  º  ;¹  ~   öº  ¯  u»  ÿ   %½     %¾  
   +¾     6¾     ?¾     S¾  "   h¾  !   ‹¾     ­¾  Q  Ê¾     À     3À  +   LÀ  #   xÀ  5   œÀ  /   ÒÀ  .   Á     1Á     6Á     NÁ     mÁ     ~Á     ŠÁ     šÁ  	   ŸÁ  B   ©Á     ìÁ     òÁ     ûÁ     Â     Â     &Â     2Â  
   >Â     IÂ     RÂ     WÂ     rÂ  	   Â     ‰Â  	   šÂ     ¤Â     ´Â     ÁÂ  
   ÖÂ     áÂ     ôÂ  	   
Ã     Ã     Ã     3Ã  	   @Ã     JÃ     cÃ     gÃ     uÃ     Ã  
   Ã     ›Ã     §Ã     ®Ã     ´Ã  
   ºÃ  
   ÅÃ     ÐÃ     ãÃ     êÃ     Ä     Ä     .Ä     >Ä     KÄ     gÄ     |Ä     ‰Ä     ™Ä     ¦Ä     ·Ä  !   ÎÄ  !   ðÄ     Å     'Å     3Å     IÅ     PÅ     YÅ     bÅ     kÅ     wÅ  
   ƒÅ  
   ŽÅ     ™Å     ¥Å     ³Å  	   ¼Å     ÆÅ     ÓÅ     äÅ     ùÅ     ÿÅ  
   Æ     Æ     (Æ  
   .Æ     9Æ     HÆ     QÆ     XÆ  	   fÆ     pÆ  	   tÆ  
   ~Æ     ‰Æ     šÆ     ¸Æ     ÆÆ     ØÆ     çÆ     ïÆ      Ç     Ç     Ç     !Ç     $Ç     *Ç  
   2Ç     =Ç     FÇ     XÇ     rÇ     ‚Ç  	   ‡Ç     ‘Ç  	   ˜Ç     ¢Ç     ¯Ç     »Ç     ÊÇ  
   ÙÇ     äÇ     ðÇ  
   üÇ     È     È     È     0È     CÈ     [È     gÈ  	   yÈ     ƒÈ     “È  <   —È     ÔÈ     éÈ     ýÈ      É     É     É     $É     0É     FÉ     TÉ      bÉ     ƒÉ     ŒÉ     ¦É     ³É     ËÉ     æÉ  	   òÉ     üÉ     	Ê  #   Ê     <Ê     IÊ     UÊ     ^Ê     dÊ     qÊ  
   ~Ê     ‰Ê     ’Ê     ›Ê     ¤Ê     ¹Ê     ÎÊ     ÖÊ  	   ÞÊ     èÊ     ñÊ     Ë     Ë     Ë     !Ë     )Ë     6Ë     QË     ^Ë     oË     }Ë     Ë     ¡Ë     ¶Ë     ÄË  C   ÍË     Ì     Ì     ,Ì     3Ì     KÌ     ]Ì     qÌ     €Ì     Ì     ›Ì     ²Ì     ÃÌ  
   ËÌ     ÖÌ     âÌ     êÌ  
   øÌ     Í     Í     	Í     Í     Í     %Í     1Í     HÍ     ZÍ  %   fÍ     ŒÍ     žÍ  %   ´Í  $   ÚÍ  %   ÿÍ  &   %Î  #   LÎ     pÎ  2   ƒÎ     ¶Î     ¾Î     ÇÎ     ×Î     åÎ     ëÎ     ùÎ  	   Ï  
   Ï     Ï     )Ï     6Ï     JÏ     YÏ     _Ï  	   eÏ     oÏ  
   vÏ  	   Ï     ‹Ï     —Ï  
   ©Ï     ´Ï     ÇÏ     ÔÏ  
   áÏ  	   ìÏ     öÏ     
Ð  
   Ð     #Ð     2Ð     DÐ     WÐ     ]Ð     mÐ     „Ð     ”Ð     ¢Ð     ¨Ð     ®Ð     ´Ð     ÊÐ     áÐ     çÐ  	   üÐ     Ñ     Ñ     +Ñ     =Ñ     CÑ     ^Ñ     gÑ     oÑ     }Ñ     ŽÑ  W   ¢Ñ  7   úÑ  (   2Ò  &   [Ò     ‚Ò  !   –Ò     ¸Ò     ×Ò  '   ÞÒ  .   Ó     5Ó     BÓ     TÓ     aÓ     nÓ     tÓ     {Ó     €Ó     …Ó     Ó     –Ó     ±Ó  
   ÆÓ     ÑÓ  !   çÓ  
   	Ô     Ô     Ô     !Ô  
   &Ô     1Ô     :Ô     JÔ     [Ô     lÔ     }Ô     ‰Ô     šÔ     ¨Ô      ÅÔ     æÔ     öÔ     Õ     -Õ     :Õ     KÕ     bÕ     sÕ     yÕ     €Õ     –Õ     ¥Õ     µÕ     ÅÕ     ÔÕ     äÕ     ôÕ     Ö     Ö  	   (Ö     2Ö     >Ö     SÖ     WÖ     `Ö     eÖ     yÖ     }Ö  a   €Ö  a   âÖ  N   D×  N   “×  ]   â×  `   @Ø  ;   ¡Ø  '   ÝØ     Ù     $Ù     4Ù     IÙ     NÙ  5   \Ù  n   ’Ù  °   Ú  §   ²Ú  V   ZÛ  _  ±Û  Ì   Ý  4   ÞÝ  5   Þ  n   IÞ  <   ¸Þ  Ž   õÞ  -   „ß  g   ²ß  "   à  :   =à     xà  .   ’à  Ï   Áà  `  ‘á     òâ  Û   ã  Þ   áã  e  Àä  Ž   &æ  ¼   µæ  x   rç  †   ëç  d   rè  ð   ×è  s   Èé  Y   <ê  ü  –ê  ?  “í  —   Óî  š   kï  (   ð  H   /ð  F   xð  q   ¿ð  µ   1ñ  l   çñ  s   Tò  ;   Èò      ó  «   ¥ó  ?   Qô  ž   ‘ô  f   0õ  h   —õ  g    ö  /   hö  ·   ˜ö  ±   P÷  R   ø  ³   Uø  Ï   	ù  F   Ùù  I    ú  ÷  jú  ´   b       7 ø   O    H    e    u 	   z    „     • ,   ¶    ã 
   õ          
        	   &    0    O    a    p        Š    ¦    ²    Í    Ú 	   ç 
   ñ ;   ü    8    @    L    `    u    Ž         ²    Ã    Ú 
   õ                     '    3    ?    K 	   Y    c 
   l    w 
   „        £ 
   © t   ´    )    7    J    `    ~    ‘    ¢    ¸    Ä    Ð    â 
   ç    ò    ÿ 
   	    	 %   #	 =   I	    ‡	    –	    ª	 
   ·	    Â	 	   Ï	 
   Ù	    ä	 
   ð	    û	    
    
    
    
    ,
    >
 
   Q
 
   \
    g
    k
    p
    ‚
    ’
    ¤
    Ã
    Ê
    Í
    Ð
 @  Õ
     
   &    1    8    A    I 
   Q    \    e    t    “     ¬ 5   Í        	        .    1    3    7    F    J    Y    h    t        ‰        œ         º    Ô '   î            7    Q    U    Y    g    j    n J   p S   » V    P   f P   · í    ×   ö µ   Î Ú   „ T   _ à   ´ “   • Ù  )     K   “ c   ß Y   C Ä       b    h    n 
   „            ¬    µ    ¾    Ù 
   ñ    ü        "    9    O    d    {    “    §    Ã    à    õ    	     #     >     C     Y     l     €     š     Ÿ     °     Ï     Õ     Ý     ë  [   û     W! 	   k! 
   u! 	   €!    Š!    ¡!    ®!    Æ!    Ý!    ÷! 
   "    "    "    3"    K" "   j" #   " "   ±"    Ô"    å"    ÷"    #    +#     <# "   ]# 6   €#    ·# 0   Ô#     $    &$ &   :$    a$    n$    w$    „$    $    —$    ™$ 	   ¨$    ²$ "   ¾$    á$    î$ 
   % 	   %    #%    <% 
   K%    V%    c%    x%    ˆ%    ˜%     %    ³%    Â%    Ð% 
   ß%    ê%    ñ%    ø%    &    &    3& #   8&    \&    r&    ƒ& 	   ˜&    ¢&    §&    «&    ´&    ¼&    Ð&    æ&    '    '    $'     =' '   ^' %   †'    ¬'    ¿'    Ú'    î'    (    ( >   0(    o(    Ž(    ¤(    º(    Ó(    í(    ) 5   $)    Z)    z)    ”)    ³) 2   Ï)    *    "*    =*    U*    i*    *    ˜*    ¯*    Ì*    å*    ú*    +    "+    =+    V+    l+    ƒ+    ›+    °+    Ä+    Ø+    ñ+    ,     ",    C, "   b,    …, &   ¥, $   Ì,    ñ,    -    &- %   F-    l-    †-    £-    ¼-    Ñ-    é-     .     &.    G. "   d.    ‡.    ¦. &   Ä.    ë.    /    / $   ./ %   S/    y/    ‹/    Ž/    •/    £/    ±/ 
   Ë/    Ö/    â/    þ/    0    #0 	   )0    30    ?0    K0    c0    h0    0    –0    ¬0    »0    Ï0    à0    õ0 
   1    1 #   1    <1    \1 
   m1    x1    1     §1    È1    Í1    Ü1     è1    	2    2    -2 "   A2    d2    s2     ‘2    ²2    Â2    Ò2    ç2    3 ¹  3    É8    â8    þ8    9 E   9 M   S9    ¡9    ­9    »9    É9    â9    ø9    :    :    :    :    :    .:    @:    F:     V:    w:    :    «:    Á: $   ×:    ü:    ;    -; h   ;;    ¤;    ·;    Ë;    ã;    ý; 2   < !   J<    l<    {< 
   ”<    Ÿ<    «<    »<    Ð<    ë< @   =    E=    b=    e= -   l=    š=    «=    ±=    É= $   Û=     >    >    > &   $> %   K>    q>    Œ>    ¤>    °> e   ¾>    $?    3?    H?    `?    €?    ?    ¢?    º? (   Ö?    ÿ?    @    +@    C@    _@    w@ #   Œ@    °@    Ê@    Ñ@    Ú@    ã@    ì@ $   
A #   /A !   SA    uA    ˆA    —A    žA 	   ¥A 
   ¯A !   ºA    ÜA    ûA    B    9B    GB 	   fB    pB    ‹B    ¦B    ³B    ¼B    ÂB    ÏB    áB    ðB    C    #C    @C    GC 
   UC    `C    lC 
   xC    ƒC    C    ›C    ­C    ºC 	   ÆC    ÐC 	   æC    ðC    ýC    D    D %   8D    ^D    uD    ŽD     D (   »D    äD      E &   !E    HE    _E    vE    ŽE    ¦E    ¸E 0   ÒE P   F 6   TF    ‹F /   £F O   ÓF S   #G s   wG Y   ëG y   EH 5   ¿H U   õH    KI    ËI Y   KJ _   ¥J 5   K Y   ;K _   •K    õK    L    *L    <L $   ML    rL    ŒL    §L    ¸L    ½L    ÁL    ÏL 
   ÝL    èL    M +   M    CM    XM    uM    ŠM    §M    ¹M 
   ÔM    ßM    øM    N    &N    9N    NN    _N    yN    ˆN    ŸN    §N 	   ¸N   ÂN    âO    øO    P    P    $P 	   &P    0P    NP    aP    P    žP    ²P    ÐP    ÞP %   õP    Q    ;Q &   AQ    hQ 
   nQ    yQ    ‹Q    ’Q     Q    ¤Q    ÀQ    ÙQ 
   íQ    øQ    R    #R    9R    RR    fR    jR    rR    zR    ‚R    ŠR    “R    ›R    ¢R    ©R 
   ²R    ½R    ÍR    ÝR    ÷R (   S    /S 4   HS    }S    ŽS $   œS    ÁS    ×S    îS    ýS    T    %T    4T    NT 
   _T    jT    ‚T    “T     T    ´T    ÉT    ÙT    åT Î   ëT    ºU ¬  XV }   X ¸   ƒX µ   <Y ”  òY x   ‡[ Æ    \ w   Ç\ l   ?] 6   ¬] n   ã] *  R^ 4  }_ L   ²` ¸   ÿ` ˆ  ¸a b  Ac i  ¤d €  f d  g Ÿ   ôh ¢   ”i •   7j Š   Íj œ   Xk Û   õk A   Ñl ¡   m s   µm œ   )n Î   Æn ¦   •o š   <p ª   ×p ,   ‚q L  ¯q s   ür <  ps u   ­t ˆ   #u y   ¬u    &v 
   ¶v 	   Áv 	   Ëv    Õv 
   óv t  þv ¨   sy ø  z 4  |    J} 	   P} 
   Z}    e}    ~} ,   œ} +   É} .   õ} ¢  $~    Ç    à A   û 2   =€ ;   p€ 4   ¬€ C   á€    %     * +   K 	   w        š    £    © =   µ    ó 	   ù    ‚    ‚    ‚    +‚    9‚    F‚    S‚    _‚    k‚    Š‚    ¦‚    ½‚    ×‚    ê‚    ƒ     ƒ    8ƒ    Jƒ     eƒ    †ƒ    —ƒ !   œƒ    ¾ƒ 
   Êƒ    Õƒ    íƒ    ôƒ    „    2„    I„    W„    f„    t„ 
   z„    …„    œ„ '   ·„    ß„    ë„    …    …    4…    L… "   c…    †…    ¥…    ¶…    Í…    ß… !   ö… /   † 3   H†    |†    ‘†    †    ¼†    Â†    Ê†    Ò†    Ú† 	   ç†    ñ†    þ†    ‡    ‡    +‡    8‡    F‡    S‡    n‡ 	   ‡‡    ‘‡    ©‡    µ‡    ¾‡    Ã‡    Ï‡    ß‡    ã‡    ï‡    ˆ 
   ˆ     ˆ    )ˆ    <ˆ &   Qˆ    xˆ    ‘ˆ    ¦ˆ    Äˆ    Ðˆ    ëˆ    ñˆ    ýˆ    ‰ 	   ‰    !‰    -‰    >‰    Q‰    o‰    Œ‰ 
   ›‰    ¦‰    ¶‰ 
   ¾‰    É‰    ×‰    í‰    Š    Š    'Š    4Š    AŠ    MŠ    ZŠ    gŠ    ~Š    ‘Š    ©Š    ¾Š 
   ÖŠ    áŠ    ÷Š S   ýŠ    Q‹    h‹    ‹    ‡‹    ‹    ®‹    ¿‹    Ð‹    ê‹    þ‹ .   Œ    HŒ "   UŒ    xŒ    –Œ 0   ¶Œ    çŒ    ÷Œ         -   /    ]    |    …    ‹ 
   ‘    œ    ¬    Â    Î    Ú    æ    ù    Ž    Ž    Ž    0Ž    DŽ    ]Ž    sŽ    Ž    †Ž    ŒŽ    ¦Ž    ÅŽ    ×Ž    íŽ    úŽ        *    > 
   U F   `    §    ´    Ç    Õ    í            1    F    ]    p    „    ”    §    µ    Å    Û    è    ê    î 
   ò    ý    ‘    ‘    .‘    <‘    N‘    l‘    ‘ /   ™‘ A   É‘ .   ’ 0   :’ &   k’    ’’ F   ±’ 
   ø’    “    “    '“    D“    K“    \“    k“ 
   x“    ƒ“    œ“ !   ´“    Ö“    ã“    é“    ï“    û“    ”    ”    ”    +” 	   ?”    I”    d”    ~”    Œ”    š”    §”    Á”    Ò”    ê”    •    '•    B•    S•    e•    •    ••    §•    ¯•    ·• !   ¿•    á•     –    – 
   –    (–    8–    O–    g– #   n– 
   ’–    –    ¤–    ·–    Í– u   á– 7   W— (   — &   ¸—    ß— !   ó—    ˜    4˜ ,   :˜ D   g˜    ¬˜    º˜    Ú˜    è˜    ü˜    ™    ™    ™    ™    #™ "   0™    S™    l™    ƒ™ )   Ÿ™    É™ 
   Û™ 
   æ™    ñ™    ø™    š    š    "š    7š    Lš    aš    mš    yš /   Œš 5   ¼š    òš *   › !   7›    Y›    r›     ›    ®›    Ä›    Ò›     Þ›    ÿ›    œ    "œ    4œ    Eœ    Wœ    iœ    {œ    “œ    ¤œ    ±œ    Îœ    ãœ    çœ    ðœ    õœ         w    x   ‡ k    ž ‘   lž o   þž }   nŸ \   ìŸ '   I     q          ¤  
   Ã     Î  N   Ö  v   %¡ «   œ¡ ¬   H¢ m   õ¢ Ú  c£ ù   >¥ =   8¦ H   v¦ q   ¿¦ H   1§ q   z§ 0   ì§ ’   ¨ !   °¨ +   Ò¨    þ¨ 9   © ß   S© »  3ª    ï« ù    ¬ ;  ú¬ ˜  6® ©   Ï¯    y° Ö   z± Ø   Q² |   *³   §³ „   ª´    /µ ¬  ¯µ §  \¹ ½   » Õ   Â» 6   ˜¼ F   Ï¼ V   ½ ƒ   m½ Ç   ñ½ „   ¹¾    >¿ D   À¿ ç   À Ô   íÀ M   ÂÁ ª   Â y   »Â t   5Ã p   ªÃ 7   Ä í   SÄ   AÅ b   DÆ ¼   §Æ   dÇ ]   È A   ÝÈ Ç  É à   çÐ T  ÈÑ J  Ó [  hÔ -   ÄÕ    òÕ    Ö 
   Ö    Ö     %Ö ,   FÖ    sÖ    ‚Ö    —Ö    Ö    ³Ö    ÀÖ    ÌÖ    ÙÖ    ÷Ö    ×    ×    ,×    <×    W× 0   d×    •×    ¨×    ´×    É× 8   Ù× 
   Ø    Ø    ,Ø    DØ #   dØ    ˆØ    ¢Ø    ¶Ø &   ÏØ *   öØ    !Ù    -Ù    :Ù    KÙ    \Ù    tÙ    ‚Ù    Ù    žÙ    ªÙ 
   ¸Ù    ÃÙ    ÏÙ    äÙ    ðÙ 
   üÙ    Ú ¥   Ú    ¿Ú     ÓÚ     ôÚ    Û    1Û    QÛ    hÛ    ˆÛ    —Û    §Û    ½Û    ÄÛ    ÕÛ    åÛ    õÛ    Ü -   Ü ;   BÜ    ~Ü "   ’Ü    µÜ    ÄÜ    ÑÜ    çÜ    õÜ    Ý    Ý    Ý    'Ý    )Ý    8Ý    >Ý    NÝ    aÝ 
   yÝ 
   „Ý    Ý 
   “Ý    žÝ    ·Ý    ÐÝ    èÝ    Þ    Þ    Þ    Þ    ;         Ì  ¹    d              :  <  I      Í    €      %  ä  Q  
  Š  (   &           f  û      R   l  ï  è   ›      ð  g  6          ñ  ¤          -  a      ‰  ê      î     ¡  À    ™  S  ü      W  ß  +   N  s  ˆ        Å  Ò   T  K  ?      $        ø  ™  =  Æ  T  p    ’            ƒ  N  Ã     7  ‘  Y          ¿    ~        q      Ñ           ›  «  C          ¬  |  Â      ¼    L  a  ’     B  .  ^   V  7  \  Þ      ÷  c    K           ]   ü  ð  ß           þ          	          k      Î   µ    i  ½  h  Ñ  _  Ø      ô  ]  À  D     Ç  ­        Ò  °  Ÿ             -  ½   
  Ë  J  ¶  ¬  X          f      K    \          š   «       º  „      ¢      ]  …       Á  5       0          È  y                    P  Ü  `      I  ã  L   ˆ      Û  3  Ù      ,  e  {  Â  F  q        ö  ø   À   è  œ   U        _        !      _       ´   O  V  y  b  r      %  ì  J  P       ;                         $      [      m  v  Ó  ­  )    =      ¢          g  v  	          Ý      —   D  =  è  w  .  ,  l  #  !             ¥  Q  Ð  Ø   à      I   }  Õ  Z   “  °      ”   g  ÷  å  ¾  r  m  ­         “   *  §          G      Ã  £  ³  ·  C   ‹   ‡  š  ¶  C          u       ç  z  Z        '                  ¯   /  U        û   +  .  –  J      m       ð  6  Ì  Ü      ’  (  O        È  „   á   {   -   ;  ï      Ð  à  Ÿ               Õ       ¨  ü    ]      P    Ü   H       A  Ý      P  Ï  ¾      [  ä   s  º  Ô  ’  o   ò     Ò    “                '  ‚    ˆ      C        £  ó  ÷  L  q         Ñ  X  ë  c  b   &  G   Ù  ÿ  6         ²  G  ~  ž  œ    6          t  †  ‰   Y               N  Û  Û   T    d  O       Å  ã  Z      ¢  ã          Á   ^  §   ò          -  R  H  ä  ©              ‚   ·  ƒ  “    h  ˜   Š  Œ  ò  –  ö  –   `  m  !        ž   @  Ÿ   j  Ó  _      0               ô  $    i      ¸      ×   ”      h  2  É  ˜             A     u  "   ‹  "  ¦          3                )  ¼      Ð  î  )  ‡  	  t   Ï      õ  s  ý       *  T   ï         *  í  ,      ´  `   }   —      {  ¦  Þ   ·         Ê   »       #  º  k      D  j  ^      …  A        ù      s     Í  J  o          —  Ú  p  Õ  –  ú         >  ç      1      Z  /     »  %   o          Œ      x  ¬               ›   •  ¡  v      ÿ  L      ”    Ñ  q       ó  õ   <           ‹      Æ        ê    ~      Ö              o  ú         ¯        ,  …      í  u   Ï  W  j  ‰  ¨  ©    ›  ¢   |  ò   ¥  H      Ã  ä  U         ƒ     …       '      Ÿ                       [  ù     ]        ã       ×      A            3  ç       w           ë  ÿ   Õ  ¿  3   ù  Ò  Á  :   œ    c  f  #        þ   ;  å   >      m          Š  O      k      a   Œ      û  »      Ù   ’  	   •  •  r           M      2  Ý  ¥                       ·  u  h    M          Y  :  b  $      ?             Ž  ž                8  S  £              ±      <      é  l  Ö       Ó  d      O        F         I      a  Ž  z      …  ¹       [   ®   S  G    º           <  í  !  5  ?          ~      „      ¯        ˜          D   Ö    )   á          Ë  “  ¦  ¶   ©   x   Q  4   É  8  ¿   Ù          ;      ø  [  ì  š  #   b  w  ²   E          ®                „  f   t      	    0    †          s  E       ™   è             '   Ú  ®  ±   Ö          ‡  5      »      á  X  ²     :  Ž       $  h   ¨  7  8  Ž  ê     †   ª  
  ç  l          é       v  L         ‰  €              ”  ì          Ã       e  Ø  1  {      :  ö     Ï     ê  *      +  5  q      a  U  ¡  y  ™  .      Q   "  Í                   |           Ø  ¦   ý  ö   ƒ    ª  }      9       *   4  M      ¬  Ð   Ê     Š           X   +      ¸      Å  +     Œ             <  ¯  z     þ  µ  ¸   Œ         e  E  G    B      =     H      È  ñ       N     ”  ½          ¿  ±  §  >  £  î  é            Ê  P  É      ˆ  ž  n  õ  Ê         Î  #  F   &  °           I  æ  ¾       ª  ?   í   ó  ³  E      á      _      «      ¸    ~  u  Â   ü   ï  (  ¾          o  û      †  F  °      ­   b    e   é      Ì           œ    †  Ú   À      ô   g   ù  0  C         2      ÿ         B  ³     (  Ä  4  ‘       Ç     Þ      )            S   Ü    Ô      k  €          K  
   j           .           %            Ë   N  M  %      R  Ì        8   `  @   ¡   x  /  "    U  Ó       ˜  î   d  1      Ä  @    8              J  ß                2    Å   Á  Ä  z   n  W  ^      6  ª   X     æ       ‚  &  µ   \  w   p      ‘  Ç        W  ‹      â  9      ú  1  «  ß  V  ó   ¹          ë  ¤  H  n          5      ¤  F  â  B  W       õ      Þ      ì     ñ  „  p   Ë  v   •       7   \   ý  ‚  ¤               Ž        ˆ  D  š    K  ñ  @          z  à   Â  ³  ô  ø  Y  ú  }  p  ÷   9      Q  9  ¼   0  c     ‘      ®  ^  ‚  €  @      È       3  g      n   ¹          ©      ‡           x     /  j  Š  w  Æ  V  à  {  2   R  =   /  ¨   S  å  Î      i   B       Ç                      Ý              â  |  Û            þ              r  t      ×                t        1  ‰  ¶  ´  A  É   ‡  å          y      ‘  c  ¼  
  ×          i  ë     Z  f  \  ±  y   i  Í  µ  M   Y      Ä   Î            4      V   —  |  7  ½    &  ,   ´  >      e  >   }        Ú    Æ   ý  T        -  4  Ô          '  k   R  ²  d      ‹      x          €   Ô   9  "  ¥  E                      `  ð           §        l      â       æ  (        æ  n  !  ƒ     r  ?    (%.02f cd/m^2)  (f/%.01f)  sec. %.02f EV %.2f EV %.2f mm %2.2f meters %2.2f mm %i (ms) %i bytes undefined data %i bytes unknown data %i bytes unknown data:  %i bytes unsupported data type %u mm (Editor) (Photographer) ,  - 1/3 10 frames/sec 100 15 frames/sec 2 Mpixel basic 2 Mpixel fine 2 Mpixel normal 2 sec. 2/3 20 frames/sec 200 2304x1728 or 2592x1944 2560x1920 or 2304x1728 2816x2212 or 2816x2112 2nd-curtain sync used 2x 2x2 matrix (clockwise) 3008x2008 or 3040x2024 400 4x 5 frames/sec 50 800 ? A character string containing a comment about the image, encoded in UTF-16LE. A character string containing key words describing the image, encoded in UTF-16LE. A character string containing the name of the image creator, encoded in UTF-16LE. A character string giving the image subject, encoded in UTF-16LE. A character string giving the title of the image, encoded in UTF-16LE. A character string giving the title of the image. It may be a comment such as "1988 company picnic" or the like. Two-bytes character codes cannot be used. When a 2-bytes code is necessary, the Exif Private tag <UserComment> is to be used. A character string recording date and time information relative to UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). The format is "YYYY:MM:DD". The length of the string is 11 bytes including NULL. A character string recording the name of the GPS area. The first byte indicates the character code used, and this is followed by the name of the GPS area. Since the Type is not ASCII, NULL termination is not necessary. A character string recording the name of the method used for location finding. The first byte indicates the character code used, and this is followed by the name of the method. Since the Type is not ASCII, NULL termination is not necessary. A general indication of the kind of data contained in this subfile. A pointer to the Exif IFD. Interoperability, Exif IFD has the same structure as that of the IFD specified in TIFF. ordinarily, however, it does not contain image data as in the case of TIFF. A pointer to the GPS Info IFD. The Interoperability structure of the GPS Info IFD, like that of Exif IFD, has no image data. A tag for Exif users to write keywords or comments on the image besides those in <ImageDescription>, and without the character code limitations of the <ImageDescription> tag. The character code used in the <UserComment> tag is identified based on an ID code in a fixed 8-byte area at the start of the tag data area. The unused portion of the area is padded with NULL ("00.h"). ID codes are assigned by means of registration. The designation method and references for each character code are defined in the specification. The value of CountN is determined based on the 8 bytes in the character code area and the number of bytes in the user comment part. Since the TYPE is not ASCII, NULL termination is not necessary. The ID code for the <UserComment> area may be a Defined code such as JIS or ASCII, or may be Undefined. The Undefined name is UndefinedText, and the ID code is filled with 8 bytes of all "NULL" ("00.H"). An Exif reader that reads the <UserComment> tag must have a function for determining the ID code. This function is not required in Exif readers that do not use the <UserComment> tag. When a <UserComment> area is set aside, it is recommended that the ID code be ASCII and that the following user comment part be filled with blank characters [20.H]. A tag for manufacturers of Exif writers to record any desired information. The contents are up to the manufacturer. A tag used to record fractions of seconds for the <DateTime> tag. A tag used to record fractions of seconds for the <DateTimeDigitized> tag. A tag used to record fractions of seconds for the <DateTimeOriginal> tag. A transfer function for the image, described in tabular style. Normally this tag is not necessary, since color space is specified in the color space information tag (<ColorSpace>). A-DEP A-TTL AE Bracket Value AE Bracketing AE Info AE Setting AE good AE lock AE lock + exposure compensation AF Focus Position AF Point AF Point Selected AF Result AF non D lens AF position: bottom AF position: center AF position: far left AF position: far right AF position: left AF position: lower-left AF position: lower-right AF position: right AF position: top AF position: upper-left AF position: upper-right AF-C AF-D G VR lens AF-D G lens AF-D VR lens AF-D or AF-S lens AF-S AI focus AF AI servo AF ASCII AVI+THM Action Adapter Add, correct and remove entries to get EXIF data that follows the specification. Adjust exposure Adobe RGB All Altitude Altitude Reference Aperture Aperture Value Aperture priority Aperture priority AE Aquarium Artist Auto Auto (100-400%) Auto AF Point Auto AF point selection Auto Bracketing Auto Exposure Check Auto Focus Check Auto ISO Auto Rotate Auto bracket Auto exposure Auto high Auto white balance Auto, did not fire Auto, did not fire, red-eye reduction Auto, fired Auto, fired, red-eye reduction Auto, red-eye reduction Auto-selected Autofocus Points Used Automatic Autumn Av-priority Average Avg B Battery Info Battery Level Beach Bearing of Destination Best Bestshot Mode Better Bits per Sample Black & White Mode Black & white Black Level Black Point Blue Balance Blur Check Blur warning Bottom Bottom to top Bottom-center Bottom-left Bottom-right Bracketing Bright+ Bright- Brightness Brightness Value Bulb Duration Byte Byte at position %i: 0x%02x CCD Scan Mode CCD Sensitivity CCS ISO Sensitivity CFA Pattern CMYK CR2 CR2+JPEG CRW+THM Camera ID Camera Info Camera Temperature Camera Type Candlelight Canon EF 100-300mm F5.6L Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS + x1.4 Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS + x2 Canon EF 100mm f/2 Canon EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro Canon EF 135mm f/2L Canon EF 15mm f/2.8 Canon EF 16-35mm f/2.8L Canon EF 17-40mm f/4L Canon EF 180mm Macro f/3.5L or Sigma 180mm EX HSM Macro f/3.5 Canon EF 20-35mm f/3.5-4.5 USM Canon EF 200mm f/1.8L Canon EF 200mm f/2.8L Canon EF 200mm f/2.8L II Canon EF 24-105mm f/4L IS Canon EF 24-70mm f/2.8L Canon EF 24-85mm f/3.5-4.5 USM Canon EF 24mm f/2.8 or Sigma 15mm f/2.8 EX Fisheye Canon EF 28-105mm f/3.5-4.5 USM Canon EF 28-105mm f/4-5.6 Canon EF 28-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS Canon EF 28-200mm f/3.5-5.6 Canon EF 28-70mm f/2.8L or Sigma 24-70mm EX f/2.8 Canon EF 28-80 f/3.5-5.6 USM IV Canon EF 28-80mm f/3.5-5.6 Canon EF 28mm f/1.8 USM Canon EF 28mm f/2.8 Canon EF 300mm f/2.8L Canon EF 300mm f/2.8L IS Canon EF 300mm f/4L IS Canon EF 35-350mm f/3.5-5.6L Canon EF 35-80mm f/4-5.6 Canon EF 35mm f/1.4L Canon EF 35mm f/2 Canon EF 400mm f/2.8L Canon EF 400mm f/2.8L + x2 Canon EF 400mm f/4 DO IS Canon EF 500mm f/4.5L Canon EF 500mm f/4L IS Canon EF 50mm F1.2L USM Canon EF 50mm f/1.0L Canon EF 50mm f/1.4 Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 MkII Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8 L Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8 L + x1.4 Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8 L + x2 Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS II USM Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM + x1.4 Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM + x2 Canon EF 70-200mm f/4L Canon EF 70-200mm f/4L IS USM Canon EF 70-300mm F4-5.6 IS USM Canon EF 70-300mm f/4.5-5.6 DO IS USM Canon EF 75-300mm f/4-5.6 Canon EF 75-300mm f/4-5.6 IS Canon EF 80-200mm f/2.8L Canon EF 85mm f/1.2L Canon EF 85mm f/1.8 USM Canon EF 90-300mm f/4.5-5.6 Canon EF-S 17-85mm f4-5.6 IS USM Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-4.5 USM Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II Canon EF-S10-22mm F3.5-4.5 USM Canon EF-S60mm F2.8 Macro USM Canon MP-E 65mm f/2.8 1-5x Macro Photo Canon TS-E 24mm f/3.5L Canon TS-E 45mm f/2.8 Canon TS-E 90mm f/2.8 Capture Editor Data Capture Editor Version Capture Mode Cb Center Center-right Center-weight Center-weighted average Centered Centimeter Chromaticity Saturation Chunky format CieLAB Close Close view Cloudy Cloudy weather Co-sited Color Color Adjustment Mode Color Control Color Information Color Matrix Color Matrix Number Color Mode Color Mode (?) Color Space Color Tone Color accent Color sequential area sensor Color sequential linear sensor Color swap Colors Compact Components Configuration Compressed Bits per Pixel Compression Compression Ratio Continuous Continuous Sequence Number Continuous Taking Continuous, high Continuous, low Continuous, speed priority Contrast Contrast Curve Contrast Setting Contrast+ Contrast- Converter Cool white fluorescent Copyright Copyright information. In this standard the tag is used to indicate both the photographer and editor copyrights. It is the copyright notice of the person or organization claiming rights to the image. The Interoperability copyright statement including date and rights should be written in this field; e.g., "Copyright, John Smith, 19xx. All rights reserved.". In this standard the field records both the photographer and editor copyrights, with each recorded in a separate part of the statement. When there is a clear distinction between the photographer and editor copyrights, these are to be written in the order of photographer followed by editor copyright, separated by NULL (in this case, since the statement also ends with a NULL, there are two NULL codes) (see example 1). When only the photographer is given, it is terminated by one NULL code (see example 2). When only the editor copyright is given, the photographer copyright part consists of one space followed by a terminating NULL code, then the editor copyright is given (see example 3). When the field is left blank, it is treated as unknown. Corrupt data Cosina 100mm f/3.5 Macro AF Cr Creative Creative program (biased toward depth of field) Creative program (biased toward fast shutter speed) Custom Custom 1 Custom 2 Custom Functions Custom Rendered Custom process D55 D65 D75 DSC Dark pet Data Dump Date Date and Time Date and Time (Digitized) Date and Time (Original) Day white fluorescent Daylight Daylight Savings Daylight fluorescent Debugging information Debugging information is available. Default Defined by Adobe Corporation to enable TIFF Trees within a TIFF file. Deflate/ZIP compression Destination City Destination City Code Destination DST Destination Daylight Savings Time Development Dynamic Range Wide Mode Device Setting Description Digital Zoom Digital Zoom Ratio Digital filter Digital filter? Digital macro Direction of Movement Directly photographed Display Aperture Distance of photographed object in millimeters. Distance to Destination Distant Distant view Do not change maker note Document Name Double Drive Mode Dynamic Range Dynamic Range Wide Mode E-TTL EOS high-end EOS mid-range EXIF header not found. EXIF marker not found. East or West Longitude Easy Shooting Mode Easy shooting Economy Encodes time zone of camera clock relative to GMT. Enhancement Epson Image Height Epson Image Width Epson Software Version Evaluative Exif Version Exif Version %d.%d Exposure Bias Exposure Bracket Value Exposure Compensation Exposure Index Exposure Mode Exposure Program Exposure Time Exposure compensation Exposure time, given in seconds (sec). Exposurediff ? External External 1 External 2 External 3 External Flash Bounce External Flash G Value External Flash Mode External Flash Zoom External flash F-B&W F-Chrome F-Number F-Standard F0/Standard F1/Studio portrait F1a/Professional portrait F1b/Professional portrait F1c/Professional portrait F2/Fujichrome F3/Studio portrait Ex F4/Velvia FP sync enabled FP sync used Faithful Far range Fast Fast shutter File Source Fill Fill Order Film Simulation Mode Film simulation mode Fine Fine weather Fine, HQ Fine, RAW Fine, SHQ Fine, SQ Fine, SQ1 Fine, SQ2 Fine, super high FinePix Color Finer Fireworks Firmware Version Fisheye on Fixed Fixed center Flash Flash Activity Flash Charge Level Flash Details Flash Device Flash Distance Flash Energy Flash Exposure Bracket Value Flash Exposure Comp Flash Exposure Compensation Flash Firing Strength Compensation Flash Guide Number Flash Info Flash Mode Flash Setting Flash Used Flash did not fire Flash did not fire, auto mode Flash did not fire, auto mode, red-eye reduction mode Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode Flash fired Flash fired, auto mode Flash fired, auto mode, red-eye reduction mode Flash fired, auto mode, return light detected Flash fired, auto mode, return light detected, red-eye reduction mode Flash fired, auto mode, return light not detected Flash fired, auto mode, return light not detected, red-eye reduction mode Flash fired, compulsory flash mode Flash fired, compulsory flash mode, red-eye reduction mode Flash fired, compulsory flash mode, red-eye reduction mode, return light detected Flash fired, compulsory flash mode, red-eye reduction mode, return light not detected Flash fired, compulsory flash mode, return light detected Flash fired, compulsory flash mode, return light not detected Flash fired, red-eye reduction mode Flash fired, red-eye reduction mode, return light detected Flash fired, red-eye reduction mode, return light not detected Flash is external Flash is on camera Flash off Flash on Flash unit unknown FlashPix Version 1.0 FlashPix Version 1.01 Flicker Reduce Float Flower Fluorescence Fluorescent Focal Length Focal Length in 35mm Film Focal Plane Diagonal Focal Plane Resolution Unit Focal Plane X Size Focal Plane X-Resolution Focal Plane Y Size Focal Plane Y-Resolution Focal Type Focal Units per mm Focus Focus Distance Lower Focus Distance Upper Focus Mode Focus Point Focus Position Focus Range Focus Step Count Focus good Focusing Mode Foliage Follow specification Food For each strip, the byte offset of that strip. It is recommended that this be selected so the number of strip bytes does not exceed 64 Kbytes. With JPEG compressed data this designation is not needed and is omitted. See also <RowsPerStrip> and <StripByteCounts>. Frame Number Frame composite Full Full auto G GPS Date GPS Differential Correction GPS Image Direction GPS Image Direction Reference GPS Info IFD Pointer GPS Measurement Mode GPS Receiver Status GPS Satellites GPS Tag Version GPS Time (Atomic Clock) Gain Control Gamma Geodetic Survey Data Used Good Grayscale Green mode Hard Hardest High High gain down High gain up High saturation Highest Home Daylight Savings Time Hometown City Hometown City Code Hometown DST Hue Adjustment ISO ISO 100 ISO 160 ISO 200 ISO 320 ISO 3200 ISO 400 ISO 50 ISO 80 ISO Number ISO Selection ISO Setting ISO Speed ISO Speed Ratings ISO Value ISO studio tungsten Ignore unknown tags Ignore unknown tags when loading EXIF data. Illustrations Image Adjustment Image Area Offset Image Boundary Image Data Size Image Description Image Length Image Number Image Processing Image Resources Block Image Sharpening Image Size Image Stabilization Image Tone Image Type Image Unique ID Image Width Incandescence Incandescent Inch Indicates the GPS DOP (data degree of precision). An HDOP value is written during two-dimensional measurement, and PDOP during three-dimensional measurement. Indicates the GPS measurement mode. '2' means two-dimensional measurement and '3' means three-dimensional measurement is in progress. Indicates the GPS satellites used for measurements. This tag can be used to describe the number of satellites, their ID number, angle of elevation, azimuth, SNR and other information in ASCII notation. The format is not specified. If the GPS receiver is incapable of taking measurements, value of the tag shall be set to NULL. Indicates the ISO Speed and ISO Latitude of the camera or input device as specified in ISO 12232. Indicates the Opto-Electronic Conversion Function (OECF) specified in ISO 14524. <OECF> is the relationship between the camera optical input and the image values. Indicates the altitude based on the reference in GPSAltitudeRef. Altitude is expressed as one RATIONAL value. The reference unit is meters. Indicates the altitude used as the reference altitude. If the reference is sea level and the altitude is above sea level, 0 is given. If the altitude is below sea level, a value of 1 is given and the altitude is indicated as an absolute value in the GPSAltitude tag. The reference unit is meters. Note that this tag is BYTE type, unlike other reference tags. Indicates the bearing to the destination point. The range of values is from 0.00 to 359.99. Indicates the color filter array (CFA) geometric pattern of the image sensor when a one-chip color area sensor is used. It does not apply to all sensing methods. Indicates the direction of GPS receiver movement. The range of values is from 0.00 to 359.99. Indicates the direction of the image when it was captured. The range of values is from 0.00 to 359.99. Indicates the distance to the destination point. Indicates the exposure index selected on the camera or input device at the time the image is captured. Indicates the geodetic survey data used by the GPS receiver. If the survey data is restricted to Japan, the value of this tag is 'TOKYO' or 'WGS-84'. If a GPS Info tag is recorded, it is strongly recommended that this tag be recorded. Indicates the identification of the Interoperability rule. Use "R98" for stating ExifR98 Rules. Four bytes used including the termination code (NULL). see the separate volume of Recommended Exif Interoperability Rules (ExifR98) for other tags used for ExifR98. Indicates the image sensor type on the camera or input device. Indicates the image source. If a DSC recorded the image, the tag value of this tag always be set to 3, indicating that the image was recorded on a DSC. Indicates the latitude of the destination point. The latitude is expressed as three RATIONAL values giving the degrees, minutes, and seconds, respectively. If latitude is expressed as degrees, minutes and seconds, a typical format would be dd/1,mm/1,ss/1. When degrees and minutes are used and, for example, fractions of minutes are given up to two decimal places, the format would be dd/1,mmmm/100,0/1. Indicates the latitude. The latitude is expressed as three RATIONAL values giving the degrees, minutes, and seconds, respectively. When degrees, minutes and seconds are expressed, the format is dd/1,mm/1,ss/1. When degrees and minutes are used and, for example, fractions of minutes are given up to two decimal places, the format is dd/1,mmmm/100,0/1. Indicates the location of the main subject in the scene. The value of this tag represents the pixel at the center of the main subject relative to the left edge, prior to rotation processing as per the <Rotation> tag. The first value indicates the X column number and the second indicates the Y row number. Indicates the longitude of the destination point. The longitude is expressed as three RATIONAL values giving the degrees, minutes, and seconds, respectively. If longitude is expressed as degrees, minutes and seconds, a typical format would be ddd/1,mm/1,ss/1. When degrees and minutes are used and, for example, fractions of minutes are given up to two decimal places, the format would be ddd/1,mmmm/100,0/1. Indicates the longitude. The longitude is expressed as three RATIONAL values giving the degrees, minutes, and seconds, respectively. When degrees, minutes and seconds are expressed, the format is ddd/1,mm/1,ss/1. When degrees and minutes are used and, for example, fractions of minutes are given up to two decimal places, the format is ddd/1,mmmm/100,0/1. Indicates the number of pixels in the image height (V) direction per <FocalPlaneResolutionUnit> on the camera focal plane. Indicates the number of pixels in the image width (X) direction per <FocalPlaneResolutionUnit> on the camera focal plane. Indicates the reference for giving the direction of GPS receiver movement. 'T' denotes true direction and 'M' is magnetic direction. Indicates the reference for giving the direction of the image when it is captured. 'T' denotes true direction and 'M' is magnetic direction. Indicates the reference used for giving the bearing to the destination point. 'T' denotes true direction and 'M' is magnetic direction. Indicates the spectral sensitivity of each channel of the camera used. The tag value is an ASCII string compatible with the standard developed by the ASTM Technical Committee. Indicates the speed of GPS receiver movement. Indicates the status of the GPS receiver when the image is recorded. 'A' means measurement is in progress, and 'V' means the measurement is Interoperability. Indicates the strobe energy at the time the image is captured, as measured in Beam Candle Power Seconds (BCPS). Indicates the time as UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). TimeStamp is expressed as three RATIONAL values giving the hour, minute, and second. Indicates the type of scene. If a DSC recorded the image, this tag value must always be set to 1, indicating that the image was directly photographed. Indicates the unit for measuring <FocalPlaneXResolution> and <FocalPlaneYResolution>. This value is the same as the <ResolutionUnit>. Indicates the unit used to express the GPS receiver speed of movement. 'K', 'M' and 'N' represent kilometers per hour, miles per hour, and knots. Indicates the unit used to express the distance to the destination point. 'K', 'M' and 'N' represent kilometers, miles and nautical miles. Indicates the value of coefficient gamma. Indicates the version of <GPSInfoIFD>. The version is given as 2.0.0.0. This tag is mandatory when <GPSInfo> tag is present. (Note: The <GPSVersionID> tag is given in bytes, unlike the <ExifVersion> tag. When the version is 2.0.0.0, the tag value is 02000000.H). Indicates whether differential correction is applied to the GPS receiver. Indicates whether pixel components are recorded in a chunky or planar format. In JPEG compressed files a JPEG marker is used instead of this tag. If this field does not exist, the TIFF default of 1 (chunky) is assumed. Indicates whether the latitude is north or south latitude. The ASCII value 'N' indicates north latitude, and 'S' is south latitude. Indicates whether the latitude of the destination point is north or south latitude. The ASCII value 'N' indicates north latitude, and 'S' is south latitude. Indicates whether the longitude is east or west longitude. ASCII 'E' indicates east longitude, and 'W' is west longitude. Indicates whether the longitude of the destination point is east or west longitude. ASCII 'E' indicates east longitude, and 'W' is west longitude. Indoor Infinite Infinity Infinity Lens Step Info Information specific to compressed data. The channels of each component are arranged in order from the 1st component to the 4th. For uncompressed data the data arrangement is given in the <PhotometricInterpretation> tag. However, since <PhotometricInterpretation> can only express the order of Y, Cb and Cr, this tag is provided for cases when compressed data uses components other than Y, Cb, and Cr and to enable support of other sequences. Information specific to compressed data. The compression mode used for a compressed image is indicated in unit bits per pixel. Information specific to compressed data. When a compressed file is recorded, the valid height of the meaningful image must be recorded in this tag, whether or not there is padding data or a restart marker. This tag should not exist in an uncompressed file. Since data padding is unnecessary in the vertical direction, the number of lines recorded in this valid image height tag will in fact be the same as that recorded in the SOF. Information specific to compressed data. When a compressed file is recorded, the valid width of the meaningful image must be recorded in this tag, whether or not there is padding data or a restart marker. This tag should not exist in an uncompressed file. Intel Interlaced Internal Internal + external Internal Flash Table Internal error (unknown value %hi) Internal error (unknown value %i) Interoperability IFD Pointer Interoperability IFD is composed of tags which stores the information to ensure the Interoperability and pointed by the following tag located in Exif IFD. The Interoperability structure of Interoperability IFD is the same as TIFF defined IFD structure but does not contain the image data characteristically compared with normal TIFF IFD. Interoperability Index Interoperability Version Invalid format '%s', expected '%s' or '%s'. Invalid format '%s', expected '%s'. Invalid number of components (%i, expected %i or %i). Invalid number of components (%i, expected %i). Invalid size of entry (%i, expected %li x %i). JPEG JPEG Interchange Format JPEG Interchange Format Length JPEG compression Kids & pets LZW compression Lamp Landscape Landscape mode (for landscape photos with the background in focus) Large Latitude Latitude of Destination Left Left to right Left-bottom Left-center Left-right Left-top Lens Lens Distortion Parameters Lens F Stops Lens Info Lens Temperature Lens Type Light Condition Light Source Light Source Special Light Type Light Value Center Light Value Periphery Light pet Long Long Focal Length of Lens Long shutter Longitude Longitude of Destination Low Low gain down Low gain up Low saturation Lower-left Lower-right Lowest M-DEP Macro Macro Mode Maker Note Maker Note Version Manual Manual AF point selection Manual Flash Output Manual Focus Distance Manual exposure Manual focus Manual temperature (Kelvin) Manual white balance Manual: %liK Manual: unknown Manufacturer Maximal Aperture Maximum Aperture Value Maximum Aperture at Maximum Focal Maximum Aperture at Minimum Focal Maximum Focal Length Measured EV Measurement Precision Medium Medium 1 Medium 2 Medium 3 Medium hard Medium high Medium low Medium pet Medium soft Metering Mode Mid-left Mid-right Middle range Minimal Aperture Minimum Focal Length Model Model Identification Monochrome Motorola Movie Multi spot Multi-exposure Multiple Museum My color data My colors N/A ND Filter NP & flash Name of GPS Area Name of GPS Processing Method Natural photo Natural skin tone Near Lens Step Neutral New Subfile Type Night Night scene Night snapshot No No AE No blur No fisheye No flash No flash function No manual focus selection Noise Reduction None None (MF) Normal Normal AE Normal focus Normal mono Normal process Normal program Normal, HQ Normal, RAW Normal, SHQ Normal, SQ Normal, SQ1 Normal, SQ2 Normal, standard Normal, super high North or South Latitude Not defined Not enough memory Not known Object Distance Off Offset of the preview image directory (IFD) inside the file. Olympus Image Height Olympus Image Width On On (Preset) On (shot 1) On (shot 2) On (shot 3) On, red-eye reduction On, shot only On, slow-sync On, slow-sync, red-eye reduction On, soft On, trailing-curtain sync On, wireless One Touch White Balance One-chip color area sensor One-shot AF One-touch Optical Zoom Optimize Image Opto-Electronic Conversion Function Order Number Orientation Original Other Out of focus Over exposed Owner Name PC set 1 PC set 2 PC set 3 PRINT Image Matching PackBits compression Padding Palette Pan focus Panorama Panorama Direction Panorama Frame Partial Party Pattern Photo Effect Photometric Interpretation Picture Mode Picture Mode (2) Picture Style Pixel X Dimension Pixel Y Dimension Planar Configuration Planar format Portrait Portrait mode (for closeup photos with the background out of focus) Postcard Precapture Frames Preset Press start, press stop Preview Image IFD Preview Image Valid Preview Length Preview Size Preview Start Primary Chromaticities PrintIM Settings Program Program AE Progressive Quality Quality Level Quick Shot R RAW RGB Rational Raw Image Size Record Mode Record Shutter Release Record while down Red Balance Red Correction %f, blue Correction %f Red-eye reduction Reference Black/White Reference For Latitude of Destination Reference for Bearing of Destination Reference for Distance to Destination Reference for Longitude of Destination Reference for direction of movement Related Sound File Related to Epson's PRINT Image Matching technology Resaved Reserved Resolution Unit Reversed mono Right Right to left Right-bottom Right-top Rotate 180 Rotate 270 CW Rotate 90 CW Rotated by software Rows per Strip SByte SLong SRational SShort SXGA basic SXGA fine SXGA normal Samples per Pixel Saturation Scene Capture Type Scene Detect Scene Select Scene Type Sea level Sea level reference Self portrait Self-timer Sensing Method Sensor Pixel Size Sensor Temperature Sepia Sequence Number Sequence Shot Interval Sequential Shot Serial Number Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Settings (First Part) Settings (Second Part) Shade Shake Reduction Info Sharpness Sharpness Factor Sharpness Frequency Sharpness Setting Short Short Focal Length of Lens Shot ISO Shutter Shutter Speed Shutter priority Shutter priority AE Shutter speed. The unit is the APEX (Additive System of Photographic Exposure) setting. Sigma 10-20mm F4-5.6 or 12-24mm f/4.5-5.6 or 14mm f/2.8 Sigma 15-30mm f/3.5-4.5 EX DG Aspherical Sigma 17-35mm f2.8-4 EX Aspherical HSM Sigma 20mm EX f/1.8 Sigma 50mm f/2.8 EX or 28mm f/1.8 Sigma UC Zoom 35-135mm f/4-5.6 Single Size of compressed image data in bytes. Size of data too small to allow for EXIF data. Slow Shutter Slow Synchro Mode Slow shutter Slow synchro Small Smooth Snow Soft Softest Software Spatial Frequency Response Spectral Sensitivity Speed Unit Speed of GPS Receiver Speed/Sequence/Panorama Direction SpeedLight Sport Sports Spot Spot focus Standard Standard (100%) Standard light A Standard light B Standard light C Still image Strip Byte Count Strip Offsets Strobe return light detected Strobe return light not detected Sub-second Time Sub-second Time (Digitized) Sub-second Time (Original) Subject Area Subject Distance Subject Distance Range Subject Location Sunny Sunset Sunset or candlelight Super fine, HQ Super fine, RAW Super fine, SHQ Super fine, SQ Super fine, SQ1 Super fine, SQ2 Super fine, high Super fine, super high Super macro Superfine Surf & snow Synchro sound record TIF TIF+JPEG TIFF TIFF/EP Standard ID TTL TV Tag '%s' is of format '%s' (which is against specification) but cannot be changed to format '%s'. Tag '%s' was of format '%s' (which is against specification) and has been changed to format '%s'. Tag 'UserComment' did not start with a format identifier. This has been fixed. Tag 'UserComment' had invalid format '%s'. Format has been set to 'undefined'. Tag 'UserComment' has been expanded to at least 8 bytes in order to follow the specification. Tag 'UserComment' is not empty but does not start with a format identifier. This has been fixed. Tag UserComment contains data but is against specification. Tamron AF Aspherical 28-200mm f/3.8-5.6 Tamron SP AF 300mm f/2.8 LD IF Target Aperture Target Exposure Time Text The F number. The FlashPix format version supported by a FPXR file. The actual focal length of the lens, in mm. Conversion is not made to the focal length of a 35 mm film camera. The chromaticity of the three primary colors of the image. Normally this tag is not necessary, since color space is specified in the color space information tag (<ColorSpace>). The chromaticity of the white point of the image. Normally this tag is not necessary, since color space is specified in the color space information tag (<ColorSpace>). The class of the program used by the camera to set exposure when the picture is taken. The color space information tag is always recorded as the color space specifier. Normally sRGB (=1) is used to define the color space based on the PC monitor conditions and environment. If a color space other than sRGB is used, Uncalibrated (=FFFF.H) is set. Image data recorded as Uncalibrated can be treated as sRGB when it is converted to FlashPix. The compression scheme used for the image data. When a primary image is JPEG compressed, this designation is not necessary and is omitted. When thumbnails use JPEG compression, this tag value is set to 6. The data provided does not follow the specification. The data supplied does not seem to contain EXIF data. The date and time of image creation. In this standard (EXIF-2.1) it is the date and time the file was changed. The date and time when the image was stored as digital data. The date and time when the original image data was generated. For a digital still camera the date and time the picture was taken are recorded. The distance to the subject, given in meters. The exposure bias. The units is the APEX value. Ordinarily it is given in the range of -99.99 to 99.99. The file '%s' could not be opened. The image orientation viewed in terms of rows and columns. The kind of light source. The lens aperture. The unit is the APEX value. The manufacturer of the recording equipment. This is the manufacturer of the DSC, scanner, video digitizer or other equipment that generated the image. When the field is left blank, it is treated as unknown. The matrix coefficients for transformation from RGB to YCbCr image data. No default is given in TIFF; but here the value given in "Color Space Guidelines", is used as the default. The color space is declared in a color space information tag, with the default being the value that gives the optimal image characteristics Interoperability this condition. The metering mode. The model name or model number of the equipment. This is the model name or number of the DSC, scanner, video digitizer or other equipment that generated the image. When the field is left blank, it is treated as unknown. The number of bits per image component. In this standard each component of the image is 8 bits, so the value for this tag is 8. See also <SamplesPerPixel>. In JPEG compressed data a JPEG marker is used instead of this tag. The number of bytes of JPEG compressed thumbnail data. This is not used for primary image JPEG data. JPEG thumbnails are not divided but are recorded as a continuous JPEG bitstream from SOI to EOI. Appn and COM markers should not be recorded. Compressed thumbnails must be recorded in no more than 64 Kbytes, including all other data to be recorded in APP1. The number of columns of image data, equal to the number of pixels per row. In JPEG compressed data a JPEG marker is used instead of this tag. The number of components per pixel. Since this standard applies to RGB and YCbCr images, the value set for this tag is 3. In JPEG compressed data a JPEG marker is used instead of this tag. The number of pixels per <ResolutionUnit> in the <ImageLength> direction. The same value as <XResolution> is designated. The number of pixels per <ResolutionUnit> in the <ImageWidth> direction. When the image resolution is unknown, 72 [dpi] is designated. The number of rows of image data. In JPEG compressed data a JPEG marker is used instead of this tag. The number of rows per strip. This is the number of rows in the image of one strip when an image is divided into strips. With JPEG compressed data this designation is not needed and is omitted. See also <StripOffsets> and <StripByteCounts>. The offset to the start byte (SOI) of JPEG compressed thumbnail data. This is not used for primary image JPEG data. The pixel composition. In JPEG compressed data a JPEG marker is used instead of this tag. The position of chrominance components in relation to the luminance component. This field is designated only for JPEG compressed data or uncompressed YCbCr data. The TIFF default is 1 (centered); but when Y:Cb:Cr = 4:2:2 it is recommended in this standard that 2 (co-sited) be used to record data, in order to improve the image quality when viewed on TV systems. When this field does not exist, the reader shall assume the TIFF default. In the case of Y:Cb:Cr = 4:2:0, the TIFF default (centered) is recommended. If the reader does not have the capability of supporting both kinds of <YCbCrPositioning>, it shall follow the TIFF default regardless of the value in this field. It is preferable that readers be able to support both centered and co-sited positioning. The reference black point value and reference white point value. No defaults are given in TIFF, but the values below are given as defaults here. The color space is declared in a color space information tag, with the default being the value that gives the optimal image characteristics Interoperability these conditions. The sampling ratio of chrominance components in relation to the luminance component. In JPEG compressed data a JPEG marker is used instead of this tag. The smallest F number of the lens. The unit is the APEX value. Ordinarily it is given in the range of 00.00 to 99.99, but it is not limited to this range. The system cannot provide enough memory. The tag '%s' contains an invalid number of components (%i, expected %i). The tag '%s' contains data of an invalid format ('%s', expected '%s'). The total number of bytes in each strip. With JPEG compressed data this designation is not needed and is omitted. The unit for measuring <XResolution> and <YResolution>. The same unit is used for both <XResolution> and <YResolution>. If the image resolution is unknown, 2 (inches) is designated. The value of brightness. The unit is the APEX value. Ordinarily it is given in the range of -99.99 to 99.99. The version of this standard supported. Nonexistence of this field is taken to mean nonconformance to the standard. This number is unique and based on the date of manufacture. This tag indicates an identifier assigned uniquely to each image. It is recorded as an ASCII string equivalent to hexadecimal notation and 128-bit fixed length. This tag indicates information on the picture-taking conditions of a particular camera model. The tag is used only to indicate the picture-taking conditions in the reader. This tag indicates the degree of overall image gain adjustment. This tag indicates the digital zoom ratio when the image was shot. If the numerator of the recorded value is 0, this indicates that digital zoom was not used. This tag indicates the direction of contrast processing applied by the camera when the image was shot. This tag indicates the direction of saturation processing applied by the camera when the image was shot. This tag indicates the direction of sharpness processing applied by the camera when the image was shot. This tag indicates the distance to the subject. This tag indicates the equivalent focal length assuming a 35mm film camera, in mm. A value of 0 means the focal length is unknown. Note that this tag differs from the FocalLength tag. This tag indicates the exposure mode set when the image was shot. In auto-bracketing mode, the camera shoots a series of frames of the same scene at different exposure settings. This tag indicates the location and area of the main subject in the overall scene. This tag indicates the type of scene that was shot. It can also be used to record the mode in which the image was shot. Note that this differs from the scene type <SceneType> tag. This tag indicates the use of special processing on image data, such as rendering geared to output. When special processing is performed, the reader is expected to disable or minimize any further processing. This tag indicates the white balance mode set when the image was shot. This tag is recorded when an image is taken using a strobe light (flash). This tag is used to record the name of an audio file related to the image data. The only relational information recorded here is the Exif audio file name and extension (an ASCII string consisting of 8 characters + '.' + 3 characters). The path is not recorded. Stipulations on audio and file naming conventions are defined in the specification. When using this tag, audio files must be recorded in conformance to the Exif audio format. Writers are also allowed to store the data such as Audio within APP2 as FlashPix extension stream data. The mapping of Exif image files and audio files is done in any of three ways, [1], [2] and [3]. If multiple files are mapped to one file as in [2] or [3], the above format is used to record just one audio file name. If there are multiple audio files, the first recorded file is given. In the case of [3], for example, for the Exif image file "DSC00001.JPG" only  "SND00001.WAV" is given as the related Exif audio file. When there are three Exif audio files "SND00001.WAV", "SND00002.WAV" and "SND00003.WAV", the Exif image file name for each of them, "DSC00001.JPG", is indicated. By combining multiple relational information, a variety of playback possibilities can be supported. The method of using relational information is left to the implementation on the playback side. Since this information is an ASCII character string, it is terminated by NULL. When this tag is used to map audio files, the relation of the audio file to image data must also be indicated on the audio file end. This tag records the camera or input device spatial frequency table and SFR values in the direction of image width, image height, and diagonal direction, as specified in ISO 12233. This tag records the name and version of the software or firmware of the camera or image input device used to generate the image. The detailed format is not specified, but it is recommended that the example shown below be followed. When the field is left blank, it is treated as unknown. This tag records the name of the camera owner, photographer or image creator. The detailed format is not specified, but it is recommended that the information be written as in the example below for ease of Interoperability. When the field is left blank, it is treated as unknown. This tag reserves space that can be reclaimed later when additional metadata are added. New metadata can be written in place by replacing this tag with a smaller data element and using the reclaimed space to store the new or expanded metadata tags. Three-chip color area sensor Thumbnail Image Time Time Zone Time Zone Offset Tokina AF193-2 19-35mm f/3.5-4.5 Tokina AT-X280AF PRO 28-80mm F2.8 Aspherical Tone Compensation Tone Curve Top Top to bottom Top-center Top-left Top-right Total Number of Pictures Taken Transfer Function Transfer Range Trilinear sensor Tungsten Tungsten incandescent light Tv-priority Two-chip color area sensor Uncalibrated Uncompressed Undefined Underwater Unexpected number of components (%li, expected 2, 3, or 4). Unknown Unknown %hu Unknown AF position Unknown Exif Version Unknown FlashPix Version Unknown encoding. Unknown value %hi Unknown value %i Unsupported JIS string Unsupported UNICODE string Upper-left Upper-right User 1 User 2 User Comment User def. 1 User def. 2 User def. 3 User selected VGA basic VGA fine VGA normal Vari Program Very close Vibration reduction Vivid Voice Memo When loading and resaving Exif data, save the maker note unmodified. Be aware that the maker note can get corrupted. White Balance White Balance Bias White Balance Bracket White Balance Fine Adjustment White Balance Mode White Balance RB White Balance Setting White Board White Point White fluorescent Wide Wide Range Wide1 (230%) Wide2 (400%) Widescreen With strobe Within distance %i of (x,y) = (%i,%i) Within rectangle (width %i, height %i) around (x,y) = (%i,%i) Without strobe World Time Location X-Resolution XML Packet XMP Metadata XP Author XP Comment XP Keywords XP Subject XP Title Y Y-Resolution YCbCr YCbCr Coefficients YCbCr Positioning YCbCr Sub-Sampling YCbCr4:2:0 YCbCr4:2:2 Yes Zoom Zoom Source Width Zoom Step Count Zoom Target Width [DO_NOT_TRANSLATE_THIS_MARKER] [None] cm in sRGB Project-Id-Version: libexif 0.6.22-pre1
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  (%.02f cd/mÂ²)  (f/%.01f)  giÃ¢y %.02f EV %.2f EV %.2f mm %2.2f mÃ©t %2.2f mm %i (miligiÃ¢y) %i byte dá»¯ liá»‡u khÃ´ng rÃµ %i byte dá»¯ liá»‡u láº¡ %i byte dá»¯ liá»‡u khÃ´ng rÃµ:  %i byte kiá»ƒu dá»¯ liá»‡u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c há»— trá»£ %u mm (NgÆ°á»i sá»­a) (Nhiáº¿p áº£nh gia) ,  - 1/3 10 khung/giÃ¢y 100 15 khung/giÃ¢y 2 MP cÆ¡ báº£n 2 MP Ä‘áº¹p 2 MP chuáº©n 2 giÃ¢y 2/3 20 khung/giÃ¢y 200 2304Ã—1728 hay 2592Ã—1944 2560Ã—1920 hay 2304Ã—1728 2816Ã—2212 hay 2816Ã—2112 Äá»“ng bá»™ mÃ nh thá»© hai Ä‘Ã£ dÃ¹ng 2Ã— LÆ°á»›i 2Ã—2 (xuÃ´i chiá»u) 3008Ã—2008 hay 3040Ã—2024 400 4Ã— 5 khung/giÃ¢y 50 800 ? Má»™t chuá»—i kÃ½ tá»± chá»©a ghi chÃº vá» áº£nh, mÃ£ hÃ³a theo UTF-16LE. Má»™t chuá»—i kÃ½ tá»± chá»©a tá»« khÃ³a diá»…n táº£ áº£nh, mÃ£ hÃ³a theo UTF-16LE. Má»™t chuá»—i kÃ½ tá»± chá»©a tÃªn cá»§a ngÆ°á»i táº¡o áº£nh, mÃ£ hÃ³a theo UTF-16LE. Má»™t chuá»—i kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘Æ°a ra chá»§ Ä‘á» cá»§a áº£nh, mÃ£ hÃ³a theo UTF-16LE. Má»™t chuá»—i kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘Æ°a ra tá»±a Ä‘á» cá»§a áº£nh, mÃ£ hÃ³a theo UTF-16LE. Chuá»—i kÃ½ tá»± chá»‰ tÃªn áº£nh. NÃ³ cÃ³ thá»ƒ lÃ  chÃº thÃ­ch nhÆ° "Äi chÆ¡i vá»›i báº¡n bÃ¨". KhÃ´ng thá»ƒ sá»­ dá»¥ng mÃ£ kÃ½ tá»± byte Ä‘Ã´i. Khi mÃ£ byte Ä‘Ã´i cáº§n thiáº¿t, hÃ£y dÃ¹ng tháº» Exif Rieng <NgÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng ghi chÃº>. Má»™t chuá»—i kÃ½ tá»± mÃ  ghi thÃ´ng tin vá» ngÃ y thÃ¡ng vÃ  thá»i gian tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i UTC (Thá»i gian Tháº¿ giá»›i). Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng lÃ  "NNNN:TT:nn". Chiá»u dÃ i cá»§a chuá»—i lÃ  11 byte bao gá»“m NULL. Má»™t chuá»—i kÃ½ tá»± mÃ  ghi tÃªn cá»§a vÃ¹ng GPS. Byte Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn cho biáº¿t mÃ£ kÃ½ tá»±, sau Ä‘Ã³ lÃ  tÃªn cá»§a vÃ¹ng GPS. VÃ¬ Kiá»ƒu khÃ¡c ASCII, khÃ´ng cáº§n cháº¥m dá»©t. Má»™t chuá»—i kÃ½ tá»± mÃ  ghi tÃªn cá»§a phÆ°Æ¡ng phÃ¡p dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ tÃ¬m vá»‹ trÃ­. Byte Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn cho biáº¿t mÃ£ kÃ½ tá»±, sau Ä‘Ã³ lÃ  tÃªn cá»§a phÆ°Æ¡ng phÃ¡p. VÃ¬ Kiá»ƒu khÃ¡c ASCII, khÃ´ng cáº§n cháº¥m dá»©t. Sá»± chá»‰ chung vá» kiá»ƒu dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Æ°á»£c chá»©a trong táº­p tin phá»¥ nÃ y. Bá»™ trá» tá»›i IRD Exif. Äá»‘i vá»›i kháº£ nÄƒng thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau, IFD Exif cÃ³ cÃ¹ng má»™t cáº¥u trÃºc vá»›i IFD Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi rÃµ trong TIFF. Tuy nhiÃªn, bÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng nÃ³ khÃ´ng chá»©a dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh nhÆ° TIFF. Bá»™ trá» tá»›i IFD ThÃ´ng tin GPS. Cáº¥u trÃºc thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau cá»§a IFD ThÃ´ng tin GPS, cÃ¹ng vá»›i IFD Exif, khÃ´ng cÃ³ dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh. Tháº» nÃ y cho phÃ©p ngÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng Exif ghi tá»« khÃ³a hay ghi chÃº vá» áº£nh, thÃªm vÃ o thÃ´ng tin trong <ImageDescription> (mÃ´ táº£ áº£nh), vÃ  khÃ´ng cÃ³ háº¡n cháº¿ mÃ£ kÃ½ tá»± cá»§a tháº» <ImageDescription>. MÃ£ kÃ½ tá»± dÃ¹ng trong tháº» <UserComment> (NgÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng Ghi chÃº) Ä‘Æ°á»£c nháº­n diá»‡n dá»±a vÃ o má»™t mÃ£ sá»‘ (ID) trong vÃ¹ng 8-byte cá»‘ Ä‘á»‹nh táº¡i Ä‘áº§u vÃ¹ng dá»¯ liá»‡u tháº». Pháº§n vÃ¹ng khÃ´ng dÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‡m báº±ng NULL (vÃ´ giÃ¡ trá»‹: 00.h). MÃ£ sá»‘ Ä‘Æ°á»£c gÃ¡n báº±ng cÃ¡ch Ä‘Äƒng kÃ½. PhÆ°Æ¡ng phÃ¡p chá»‰ rÃµ vÃ  tham chiáº¿u Ä‘áº¿n má»—i mÃ£ kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Æ°a ra trong Ä‘áº·c táº£. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a CountN Ä‘Æ°á»£c tÃ­nh dá»±a vÃ o 8 byte trong vÃ¹ng mÃ£ kÃ½ tá»± vÃ  sá»‘ cÃ¡c byte trong pháº§n ngÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng ghi chÃº. VÃ¬ TYPE (kiá»ƒu) khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ  ASCII, khÃ´ng cáº§n cháº¥m dá»©t báº±ng NULL (vÃ´ giÃ¡ trá»‹). MÃ£ sá»‘ cho vÃ¹ng <UserComment> cÃ³ tháº» lÃ  mÃ£ ÄÃ£ Äá»‹nh NghÄ©a nhÆ° JIS hay ASCII, hoáº·c cÃ³ tháº» lÃ  ChÆ°a Äá»‹nh NghÄ©a. TÃªn ChÆ°a Äá»‹nh NghÄ©a lÃ  UndefinedText, vÃ  mÃ£ sá»‘ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘iá»n vÃ o báº±ng 8 byte cáº£ NULL ("00.H"). TrÃ¬nh Ä‘á»c Exif mÃ  Ä‘á»c tháº» <UserComment> pháº£i cÃ³ hÃ m quyáº¿t Ä‘á»‹nh mÃ£ sá»‘. HÃ m nÃ y khÃ´ng cáº§n thiáº¿t trong trÃ¬nh Ä‘á»c Exif khÃ´ng dÃ¹ng tháº» <UserComment>. Khi vÃ¹ng <UserComment> Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ nh riÃªng, khuyÃªn dÃ¹ng mÃ£ sá»‘ kiá»ƒu ASCII, vÃ  pháº§n ngÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng ghi chÃº mÃ  theo sau Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘iá»n vÃ o báº±ng kÃ½ tá»± tráº¯ng [20.H]. Tháº» cho hÃ£ng cháº¿ táº¡o bá»™ ghi Exif, Ä‘á»ƒ ghi lÆ°u thÃ´ng tin nÃ o Ä‘Ã£ muá»‘n. Ná»™i dung theo Ã½ kiáº¿n cá»§a má»—i hÃ£ng cháº¿ táº¡o. Tháº» dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ ghi lÆ°u pháº§n giÃ¢y cho tháº» <DateTime> (NgÃ y Giá»). Tháº» dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ ghi lÆ°u pháº§n giÃ¢y cho tháº» <DateTimeDigitized> (NgÃ y Giá» Ä‘Ã£ Sá»‘ hÃ³a). Tháº» dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ ghi lÆ°u pháº§n giÃ¢y cho tháº» <DateTimeOriginal> (NgÃ y Giá» Gá»‘c). HÃ m truyá»n cho áº£nh, Ä‘Æ°á»£c diá»…n táº£ trong kiá»ƒu dÃ¡ng báº£ng. BÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng, khÃ´ng cáº§n tháº» nÃ y, vÃ¬ vÃ¹ng mÃ u Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi rÃµ trong tháº» thÃ´ng tin vÃ¹ng mÃ u (<vÃ¹ng mÃ u>). A-DEP A-TTL GiÃ¡ trá»‹ Ngoáº·c AE Ngoáº·c AE ThÃ´ng tin AE CÃ i Ä‘áº·t AE AE tá»‘t KhÃ³a AE KhÃ³a AE + bÃ¹ phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Vá»‹ trÃ­ láº¥y nÃ©t AF Äiá»ƒm AF Äiá»ƒm AF Ä‘Ã£ chá»n Káº¿t quáº£ AF á»ng kÃ­nh AF khÃ¡c D Vá»‹ trÃ­ AF: dÆ°á»›i Vá»‹ trÃ­ AF: giá»¯a Vá»‹ trÃ­ AF: trÃ¡i-xa Vá»‹ trÃ­ AF: pháº£i-xa Vá»‹ trÃ­ AF: trÃ¡i Vá»‹ trÃ­ AF: trÃ¡i-dÆ°á»›i Vá»‹ trÃ­ AF: pháº£i-dÆ°á»›i Vá»‹ trÃ­ AF: pháº£i Vá»‹ trÃ­ AF: trÃªn Vá»‹ trÃ­ AF: trÃ¡i-trÃªn Vá»‹ trÃ­ AF: pháº£i-trÃªn AF-C á»ng kÃ­nh VR AF-D G á»ng kÃ­nh AF-D G á»ng kÃ­nh VR AF-D á»ng kÃ­nh AF-D hay AF-S AF-S AF AI láº¥y nÃ©t AF AI Ä‘á»™ng cÆ¡ tÃ¹y Ä‘á»™ng ASCII AVI+THM HÃ nh Ä‘á»™ng Bá»™ nguá»“n AC ThÃªm, sá»­a vÃ  gá»¡ bá» má»¥c nháº­p Ä‘á»ƒ táº¡o dá»¯ liá»‡u EXIF tÃ¹y theo Ä‘áº·c táº£. Chá»‰nh phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Adobe RGB Táº¥t cáº£ Cao Ä‘á»™ Tham chiáº¿u cao Ä‘á»™ Kháº©u Ä‘á»™ GiÃ¡ trá»‹ kháº©u Ä‘á»™ Æ¯u tiÃªn kháº©u Ä‘á»™ Æ¯u tiÃªn kháº©u Ä‘á»™ AE Bá»ƒ cáº£nh Nghá»‡ sÄ© Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng (100-400%) Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng Ä‘iá»ƒm AF Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng chá»n Ä‘iá»ƒm AF Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng Ä‘áº·t giá»¯a ngoáº·c Kiá»ƒm tra tá»± Ä‘á»™ng phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Kiá»ƒm tra tá»± Ä‘á»™ng láº¥y nÃ©t ISO tá»± Ä‘á»™ng Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng xoay Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng Ä‘áº·t giá»¯a PhÆ¡i sÃ¡ng tá»± Ä‘á»™ng Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng cao CÃ¢n báº±ng tráº¯ng tá»± Ä‘á»™ng Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng, chÆ°a hoáº¡t Ä‘á»™ng Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng, chÆ°a hoáº¡t Ä‘á»™ng, giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng, hoáº¡t Ä‘á»™ng Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng, hoáº¡t Ä‘á»™ng, giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng, giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng chá»n Láº¥y nÃ©n cÃ¡c Ä‘iá»ƒm Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Tá»± Ä‘á»™ng MÃ¹a thu Æ¯u tiÃªn AV Trung bÃ¬nh TbÃ¬nh B ThÃ´ng tin pin Má»©c pin BÃ£i biá»ƒn Vá»‹ trÃ­ phÆ°Æ¡ng hÆ°á»›ng Ä‘Ã­ch Tá»‘t nháº¥t Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ Chá»¥p Tá»‘t nháº¥t Tá»‘t hÆ¡n Bit/máº«u Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ Äen Tráº¯ng Äen & tráº¯ng Má»©c Äen Äiá»ƒm Ä‘en CÃ¢n báº±ng Xanh lÆ¡ Kiá»ƒm tra má» CÃ nh bÃ¡o má» DÆ°á»›i DÆ°á»›i lÃªn trÃªn DÆ°á»›i-giá»¯a TrÃ¡i-dÆ°á»›i Pháº£i-dÆ°á»›i Bá»§a vÃ¢y SÃ¡ng+ SÃ¡ng- Äá»™ sÃ¡ng GiÃ¡ trá»‹ Ä‘á»™ sÃ¡ng Thá»i gian BÃ³ng Ä‘Ã¨n Byte CÃ³ byte táº¡i vá»‹ trÃ­ %i: 0x%02x Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ quÃ©t CCD Äá»™ nháº¡y CCD Äá»™ nháº¡y ISo CCS Máº«u CFA CMYK CR2 CR2+JPEG CRW+THM MÃ£ sá»‘ MÃ¡y áº£nh ThÃ´ng tin mÃ¡y áº£nh Nhiá»‡t Ä‘á»™ cáº£m biáº¿n Kiá»ƒu mÃ¡y áº£nh Ãnh sÃ¡ng náº¿n Canon EF 100-300mm F5.6L Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS + x1.4 Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS + x2 Canon EF 100mm f/2 Canon EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro Canon EF 135mm f/2L Canon EF 15mm f/2.8 Canon EF 16-35mm f/2.8L Canon EF 17-40mm f/4L Canon EF 180mm Macro f/3.5L hay Sigma 180mm EX HSM Macro f/3.5 Canon EF 20-35mm f/3.5-4.5 USM Canon EF 200mm f/1.8L Canon EF 200mm f/2.8L Canon EF 200mm f/2.8L II Canon EF 24-105mm f/4L IS Canon EF 24-70mm f/2.8L Canon EF 24-85mm f/3.5-4.5 USM Canon EF 24mm f/2.8 hay Sigma 15mm f/2.8 EX Máº¯t CÃ¡ Canon EF 28-105mm f/3.5-4.5 USM Canon EF 28-105mm f/4-5.6 Canon EF 28-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS Canon EF 28-200mm f/3.5-5.6 Canon EF 28-70mm f/2.8L hay Sigma 24-70mm EX f/2.8 Canon EF 28-80 f/3.5-5.6 USM IV Canon EF 28-80mm f/3.5-5.6 Canon EF 28mm f/1.8 USM Canon EF 28mm f/2.8 Canon EF 300mm f/2.8L Canon EF 300mm f/2.8L IS Canon EF 300mm f/4L IS Canon EF 35-350mm f/3.5-5.6L Canon EF 35-80mm f/4-5.6 Canon EF 35mm f/1.4L Canon EF 35mm f/2 Canon EF 400mm f/2.8L Canon EF 400mm f/2.8L + x2 Canon EF 400mm f/4 DO IS Canon EF 500mm f/4.5L Canon EF 500mm f/4L IS Canon EF 50mm F1.2L USM Canon EF 50mm f/1.0L Canon EF 50mm f/1.4 Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 MkII Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8 L Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8 L + x1.4 Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8 L + x2 Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS II USM Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM + x1.4 Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM + x2 Canon EF 70-200mm f/4L Canon EF 70-200mm f/4L IS USM Canon EF 70-300mm F4-5.6 IS USM Canon EF 70-300mm f/4.5-5.6 DO IS USM Canon EF 75-300mm f/4-5.6 Canon EF 75-300mm f/4-5.6 IS Canon EF 80-200mm f/2.8L Canon EF 85mm f/1.2L Canon EF 85mm f/1.8 USM Canon EF 90-300mm f/4.5-5.6 Canon EF-S 17-85mm f4-5.6 IS USM Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-4.5 USM Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II Canon EF-S10-22mm F3.5-4.5 USM Canon EF-S60mm F2.8 Macro USM Canon MP-E 65mm f/2.8 1-5x Macro Photo Canon TS-E 24mm f/3.5L Canon TS-E 45mm f/2.8 Canon TS-E 90mm f/2.8 Dá»¯ liá»‡u TrÃ¬nh Sá»­a áº¢nh Báº¯t PhiÃªn báº£n TrÃ¬nh Sá»­a áº¢nh Báº¯t Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ báº¯t Cb Giá»¯a Giá»¯a-pháº£i Náº·ng-giá»¯a Trung bÃ¬nh náº·ng giá»¯a á»ž giá»¯a Cen-ti-mÃ©t Äá»™ bÃ£o hÃ²a sáº¯c Ä‘á»™ Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng tá»«ng Ä‘oáº¡n CieLAB Gáº§n Xem gáº§n Äáº§y mÃ¢y Äáº§y mÃ¢y Äá»‹nh vá»‹ vá»›i nhau MÃ u Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ chá»‰nh mÃ u Äiá»u khiá»ƒn MÃ u ThÃ´ng tin mÃ u sáº¯c Ma tráº­n MÃ u Sá»‘ Ma tráº­n MÃ u Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ MÃ u Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ MÃ u (?) Miá»n mÃ u TÃ´ng mÃ u Nháº¥n mÃ u Cáº£m biáº¿n vÃ¹ng mÃ u tuáº§n tá»± Cáº£m biáº¿n mÃ u tuyáº¿n tÃ­nh Trao Ä‘á»•i mÃ u MÃ u sáº¯c MÃ¡y áº£nh du lá»‹ch Cáº¥u hÃ¬nh thÃ nh pháº§n Sá»‘ bit Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n/Ä‘iá»ƒm áº£nh NÃ©n Tá»· lá»‡ nÃ©n LiÃªn tá»¥c Sá»‘ thá»© tá»± dÃ¢y liÃªn tá»¥c Chá»¥p liÃªn tá»¥c LiÃªn tá»¥c, cao LiÃªn tá»¥c, tháº¥p LiÃªn tá»¥c, Æ°u tiÃªn tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ TÆ°Æ¡ng pháº£n ÄÆ°á»ng cong tÆ°Æ¡ng pháº£n CÃ i Ä‘áº·t Ä‘á»™ TÆ°Æ¡ng pháº£n TÆ°Æ¡ng pháº£n+ TÆ°Æ¡ng pháº£n- Bá»™ chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i Huá»³nh quang tráº¯ng mÃ¡t TÃ¡c quyá»n ThÃ´ng tin báº£n quyá»n. Trong tiÃªu chuáº©n nÃ y, tháº» Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ cho biáº¿t báº£n quyá»n kiá»ƒu cáº£ nhÃ  nhiáº¿p áº£nh láº«n nhÃ  soáº¡n tháº£o Ä‘á»u. NÃ³ lÃ  thÃ´ng bÃ¡o báº£n quyá»n cá»§a ngÆ°á»i hay tá»• chá»©c tuyÃªn bá»‘ cÃ¡c quyá»n cá»§a áº£nh Ä‘Ã³. CÃ¢u báº£n quyá»n thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau, gá»“m ngÃ y vÃ  cÃ¡c quyá»n, nÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi vÃ o trÆ°á»ng nÃ y. Láº¥y thÃ­ dá»¥, "Báº£n quyá»n Â©, Nguyá»…n VÄƒn Tuáº¥n, 2006, báº£o lÆ°u má»i quyá»n." Trong tiÃªu chuáº©n nÃ y, trÆ°á»ng nÃ y thu thanh báº£n quyá»n kiá»ƒu cáº£ nhÃ  nhiáº¿p áº£nh láº«n nhÃ  soáº¡n tháº£o Ä‘á»u, vá»›i má»—i báº£n quyá»n Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi lÆ°u vÃ o má»™t pháº§n cÃ¢u riÃªng. Khi cÃ³ sá»± phÃ¢n biá»‡t rÃµ giá»¯a báº£n quyá»n kiá»ƒu nhÃ  nhiáº¿p áº£nh vÃ  nhÃ  soáº¡n tháº£o, hai Ä‘iá»u nÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi theo thá»© tá»± báº£n quyá»n cá»§a nhÃ  nhiáº¿p áº£nh Ä‘áº±ng trÆ°á»›c báº£n quyá»n cá»§a nhÃ  soáº¡n tháº£o, giá»›i háº¡n bá»Ÿi NULL (rá»—ng). (Trong trÆ°á»ng há»£p nÃ y, vÃ¬ cÃ¢u cÅ©ng káº¿t thÃºc vá»›i NULL, cÃ³ hai mÃ£ NULL [xem thÃ­ dá»¥ 1]). Khi Ä‘Æ°a ra chá»‰ báº£n quyá»n cá»§a nhÃ  nhiáº¿p áº£nh, nÃ³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¥m dá»©t bá»Ÿi má»™t mÃ£ NULL (xem thÃ­ dá»¥ 2). Khi Ä‘Æ°a ra chá»‰ báº£n quyá»n cá»§a nhÃ  soáº¡n tháº£o, nÃªn ghi má»™t dáº¥u cÃ¡ch (cho pháº§n nhÃ  nhiáº¿p áº£nh), rá»“i mÃ£ NULL cháº¥m dá»©t, rá»“i báº£n quyá»n cá»§a nhÃ  soáº¡n tháº£o (xem thÃ­ dá»¥ 3). Khi trÆ°á»ng cÃ²n trá»‘ng, nÃ³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c xá»­ lÃ½ lÃ  khÃ´ng rÃµ. Dá»¯ liá»‡u bá»‹ há»ng. Cosina 100mm f/3.5 Macro AF Cr SÃ¡ng táº¡o ChÆ°Æ¡ng trÃ¬nh sÃ¡ng táº¡o (khuynh hÆ°á»›ng Ä‘áº¿n Ä‘á»™ sÃ¢u vÃ¹ng) ChÆ°Æ¡ng trÃ¬nh sÃ¡ng táº¡o (khuynh hÆ°á»›ng Ä‘áº¿n tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ cháº­p nhanh) Tá»± chá»n Tá»± chá»n 1 Tá»± chá»n 2 Chá»©c nÄƒng tá»± chá»n ÄÃ£ váº½ tá»± chá»n Tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh riÃªng D55 D65 D75 DSC ThÃº cÆ°ng tá»‘i Äá»• dá»¯ liá»‡u NgÃ y NgÃ y vÃ  Giá» NgÃ y vÃ  Giá» (ÄÃ£ sá»‘ hÃ³a) NgÃ y vÃ  Giá» (Gá»‘c) Huá»³nh quang ngÃ y tráº¯ng Ãnh náº¯ng ban ngÃ y Giá» giá»¯ ban ngÃ y Huá»³nh quang áº£nh náº¯ng ban ngÃ y ThÃ´ng tin gá»¡ lá»—i CÃ³ thÃ´ng tin gá»¡ lá»—i. Máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh ÄÆ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a bá»Ÿi CÃ´ng ty Adobe Ä‘á»ƒ báº­t kháº£ nÄƒng CÃ¢y TIFF á»Ÿ trong táº­p tin TIFF. NÃ©n/xáº£ nÃ©n Zip ThÃ nh phá»‘ Ä‘Ã­ch MÃ£ thÃ nh phá»‘ Ä‘Ã­ch Giá» mÃ¹a hÃ¨ á» Ä‘Ã­ch Giá» mÃ¹a hÃ¨ á» Ä‘Ã­ch Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ rá»™ng pháº¡m vi Ä‘á»™ng phÃ¡t triá»ƒn MÃ´ táº£ cÃ i Ä‘áº·t thiáº¿t bá»‹ PhÃ³ng to Sá»‘ Tá»· lá»‡ phÃ³ng to sá»‘ Lá»c sá»‘ Lá»c sá»‘? VÄ© lá»‡nh sá»‘ HÆ°á»›ng di chuyá»ƒn Chá»¥p áº£nh trá»±c tiáº¿p Kháº©u Ä‘á»™ trÃ¬nh bÃ y Khoáº£ng cÃ¡ch tá»›i Ä‘á»‘i tÆ°á»£ng Ä‘Ã£ chá»¥p, theo milimÃ©t. Khoáº£ng cÃ¡ch Ä‘áº¿n Ä‘Ã­ch Xa Xem xa KhÃ´ng thay Ä‘á»•i ghi chÃº hÃ£ng cháº¿ táº¡o TÃªn tÃ i liá»‡u ÄÃ´i Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ Ä‘áº©y lÃªn Pháº¡m vi Ä‘á»™ng Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ rá»™ng pháº¡m vi Ä‘á»™ng E-TTL EOS cao cáº¥p EOS trung cáº¥p KhÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y pháº§n Ä‘áº§u EXIF. KhÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y dáº¥u hiá»‡u EXIF. Äá»™ kinh ÄÃ´ng hay TÃ¢y Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ chá»¥p dá»… Chá»¥p dá»… Tiáº¿t kiá»‡m MÃ£ hÃ³a mÃºi giá» cá»§a Ä‘á»“ng há»“ mÃ¡y áº£nh tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i UTC (Thá»i gian Tháº¿ giá»›i). TÄƒng cÆ°á»ng Bá» cao áº£nh Epson Bá» rá»™ng áº£nh Epson PhiÃªn báº£n pháº§n má»m Epson Æ¯á»›c lÆ°á»£ng PhiÃªn báº£n Exif EXIF phiÃªn báº£n %d.%d Khuynh hÆ°á»›ng phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng GiÃ¡ trá»‹ phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng chá»¥p bá»§a vÃ¢y Sá»± bÃ¹ phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Chá»‰ sá»‘ phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng ChÆ°Æ¡ng trÃ¬nh phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Thá»i gian phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Sá»± bÃ¹ phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Thá»i gian phÆ¡i bÃ y, theo giÃ¢y. KhÃ¡c biá»‡t phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng? NgoÃ i NgoÃ i 1 NgoÃ i 2 NgoÃ i 3 Náº£y ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y bÃªn NgoÃ i GiÃ¡ trá»‹ G ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y bÃªn NgoÃ i Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y bÃªn NgoÃ i PhÃ³ng to ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y bÃªn NgoÃ i ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y ngoÃ i F-Äen tráº¯ng F-Crom Sá»‘-F F-Chuáº©n F0/Chuáº©n F1/ChÃ¢n dung trong xÆ°á»Ÿng phim F1a/ChÃ¢n dung chuyÃªn nhiá»‡p F1b/ChÃ¢n dung chuyÃªn nhiá»‡p F1c/ChÃ¢n dung chuyÃªn nhiá»‡p F2/Fujichrome F3/ChÃ¢n dung xÆ°á»Ÿng phim Ex F4/Velvia Äá»“ng bá»™ FP Ä‘Ã£ báº­t Äá»“ng bá»™ FP Ä‘Ã£ dÃ¹ng Trung thá»±c VÃ¹ng xa Nhanh Cháº­p nhanh Nguá»“n táº­p tin Äiá»n Ä‘áº§y Thá»© tá»± tÃ´ Ä‘áº§y Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ MÃ´ phá»ng Phim Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ mÃ´ phá»ng phim Äáº¹p Trá»i Ä‘áº¹p Äáº¹p, HQ Äáº¹p, RAW Äáº¹p, SHQ Äáº¹p, SQ Äáº¹p, SQ1 Äáº¹p, SQ2 Äáº¹p, cá»±c cao MÃ u FinePix Äáº¹p hÆ¡n PhÃ¡o hoa PhiÃªn báº£n Firmware Máº¯t cÃ¡ Cá»‘ Ä‘á»‹nh Giá»¯a cá»‘ Ä‘á»‹nh ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Hoáº¡t Ä‘á»™ng Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y Má»©c Ä‘á»™ náº¡p Ä‘iá»‡n Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y Chi tiáº¿t Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y Thiáº¿t bá»‹ Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y Táº§m Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y NÄƒng lÆ°á»£ng Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y GiÃ¡ trá»‹ ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y chá»¥p bá»§a vÃ¢y BÃ¹ phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Sá»± bÃ¹ phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Sá»± bÃ¹ Ä‘á»™ máº¡nh má»Ÿ Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y Sá»‘ dáº«n ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y ThÃ´ng tin Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y CÃ i Ä‘áº·t ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y DÃ¹ng Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y khÃ´ng chá»›p ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y chÆ°a má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ tá»± Ä‘á»™ng ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y chÆ°a má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ tá»± Ä‘á»™ng, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y chÆ°a má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ nhÃ¡y báº¯t buá»™c ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ chá»›p ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ tá»± Ä‘á»™ng ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ tá»± Ä‘á»™ng, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ tá»± Ä‘á»™ng, phÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng trá»Ÿ vá» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ tá»± Ä‘á»™ng, phÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng trá»Ÿ vá», cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ tá»± Ä‘á»™ng, chÆ°a phÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng trá»Ÿ vá» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ tá»± Ä‘á»™ng, chÆ°a phÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng trá»Ÿ vá», cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ nhÃ¡y báº¯t buá»™c ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ nhÃ¡y báº¯t buá»™c, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ nhÃ¡y báº¯t buá»™c, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á», chÆ°a phÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng trá»Ÿ vá» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ nhÃ¡y báº¯t buá»™c, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á», chÆ°a phÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng trá»Ÿ vá» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ nhÃ¡y báº¯t buá»™c, phÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng trá»Ÿ vá» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ nhÃ¡y báº¯t buá»™c, chÆ°a phÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng trá»Ÿ vá» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á», phÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng trá»Ÿ vá» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ä‘Ã£ má»Ÿ, cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á», chÆ°a phÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng trá»Ÿ vá» ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y bÃªn ngoÃ i ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y trÃªn mÃ¡y áº£nh ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y táº¯t Má»Ÿ Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y KhÃ´ng biáº¿t Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹ Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y FlashPix phiÃªn báº£n 1.0 FlashPix phiÃªn báº£n 1.01 Giáº£m rung rinh DCÄ Hoa Huá»³nh quang Huá»³nh quang TiÃªu cá»± TiÃªu cá»± trÃªn phim 35mm ChÃ©o Pháº³ng TiÃªu ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ Ä‘á»™ phÃ¢n giáº£i pháº³ng tiÃªu Cá»¡ X Pháº³ng TiÃªu PhÃ¢n giáº£i X pháº³ng tiÃªu Cá»¡ Y Pháº³ng TiÃªu PhÃ¢n giáº£i Y pháº³ng tiÃªu Kiá»ƒu láº¥y nÃ©t ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ TiÃªu tá»«ng mm Láº¥y nÃ©t Táº§m láº¥y nÃ©t DÆ°á»›i Táº§m láº¥y nÃ©t TrÃªn Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ láº¥y nÃ©t Äiá»ƒm láº¥y nÃ©t Vá»‹ trÃ­ tiÃªu cá»± VÃ¹ng láº¥y nÃ©t Äáº¿m bÆ°á»›c tiÃªu cá»± Láº¥y nÃ©t rÃµ Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ láº¥y nÃ©t Hoa lÃ¡ Theo Ä‘áº·c táº£ Äá»“ Äƒn Cho má»—i máº£nh, hiá»‡u sá»‘ byte cá»§a máº£nh Ä‘Ã³. KhuyÃªn chá»n nÃ³ Ä‘á»ƒ báº£o Ä‘áº£m sá»‘ byte máº£nh khÃ´ng pháº£i hÆ¡n 64 Kb. Äá»‘i vá»›i dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG, khÃ´ng cáº§n sá»± chá»‰ rÃµ nÃ y nÃªn nÃ³ bá»‹ bá» Ä‘i. Xem thÃªm <hÃ ng trÃªn máº£nh> vÃ  <sá»‘ byte máº£nh>. Sá»‘ thá»© tá»± khung Khung ghÃ©p Äáº§y HoÃ n toÃ n tá»± Ä‘á»™ng G NgÃ y GPS Sá»­a chá»¯a phÃ¢n biá»‡t GPS HÆ°á»›ng áº£nh GPS Tham chiáº¿u HÆ°á»›ng áº¢nh GPS Con trá» IFD thÃ´ng tin GPS Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ Äo GPS Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i mÃ¡y nháº­n GPS Vá»‡ tinh GPS PhiÃªn báº£n tháº» GPS Giá» GPS (Äá»“ng há»“ nguyÃªn tá»­) Äiá»u khiá»ƒn khuáº¿ch Ä‘áº¡i Gamma DÃ¹ng dá»¯ liá»‡u quan sÃ¡t Ä‘o Ä‘áº¡c Tá»‘t Má»©c xÃ¡m Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ Lá»¥c Cá»©ng Cá»©ng nháº¥t Cao Cao khuáº¿ch Ä‘áº¡i xuá»‘ng Cao khuáº¿ch Ä‘áº¡i lÃªn Äá»™ bÃ£o hÃ²a cao Cao nháº¥t Giá» mÃ¹a hÃ¨ á»Ÿ Ä‘Ã¢y ThÃ nh phá»‘ nÃ y MÃ£ thÃ nh phá»‘ nÃ y Giá» mÃ¹a hÃ¨ á»Ÿ Ä‘Ã¢y Chá»‰nh Sáº¯c Ä‘á»™ ISO ISO 100 ISO 160 ISO 200 ISO 320 ISO 3200 ISO 400 ISO 50 ISO 80 Sá»‘ ISO Chá»n ISO CÃ i Ä‘áº·t ISO Tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ ISO Tá»· lá»‡ tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ ISO GiÃ¡ trá»‹ ISO ÄÃ¨n dÃ¢y tÃ³c trong studio chuáº©n ISO Bá» qua cÃ¡c tháº» láº¡ Bá» qua cÃ¡c tháº» láº¡ khi táº£i dá»¯ liá»‡u EXIF. áº¢nh minh há»a Chá»‰nh áº¢nh Vá»‹ trÃ­ tÆ°Æ¡ng Ä‘á»‘i vÃ¹ng áº£nh ÄÆ°á»ng biÃªn áº¢nh Cá»¡ dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh MÃ´ táº£ áº£nh Chiá»u cao áº£nh Sá»‘ thá»© tá»± áº£nh Xá»­ lÃ½ áº£nh Khá»‘i TÃ i nguyÃªn áº¢nh LÃ m Sáº¯c áº¢nh Cá»¡ áº£nh LÃ m á»•n Ä‘á»‹nh áº£nh Sáº¯c mÃ u áº£nh Kiá»ƒu áº£nh ID áº£nh duy nháº¥t Chiá»u rá»™ng áº£nh ÄÃ¨n dÃ¢y tÃ³c NÃ³ng sÃ¡ng InsÆ¡ Cho biáº¿t DOP cá»§a GPS (Ä‘á»™ chÃ­nh xÃ¡c cá»§a dá»¯ liá»‡u). GiÃ¡ trá»‹ HDOP Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi trong khi Ä‘o lÆ°á»ng theo hai chiá»u, vÃ  giÃ¡ trá»‹ PDOP Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi trong khi Ä‘o lÆ°á»ng theo ba chiá»u. Cho biáº¿t cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ Ä‘o lÆ°á»ng GPS. "2" cÃ³ nghÄ©a lÃ  Ä‘ang Ä‘o lÆ°á»ng theo hai chiá»u ; "3" cÃ³ nghÄ©a lÃ  Ä‘ang Ä‘o lÆ°á»ng theo ba chiá»u (3D). Cho biáº¿t nhá»¯ng vá»‡ tinh GPS Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ Ä‘o lÆ°á»ng. Tháº» nÃ y cÃ³ kháº£ nÄƒng diá»…n táº£ sá»‘ cÃ¡c vá»‡ tinh, mÃ£ sá»‘ cá»§a má»—i vá»‡ tinh, gÃ³c nÃ¢ng, gÃ³c phÆ°Æ¡ng vá»‹, SNR vÃ  thÃ´ng tin khÃ¡c theo kiá»ƒu ASCII. Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng khÃ´ng pháº£i Ä‘Æ°á»£c chá»‰ ra. Náº¿u thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­n GPS khÃ´ng cÃ³ kháº£ nÄƒng Ä‘o lÆ°á»ng thÃ¬ giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a tháº» nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t thÃ nh NULL (vÃ´ giÃ¡ trá»‹). Cho biáº¿t Tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ ISO vÃ  Äá»™ VÄ© ISO cá»§a mÃ¡y áº£nh hay thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­p, nhÆ° Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi rÃµ trong ISO 12232. Cho biáº¿t hÃ m Chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i Quang-Äiá»‡n (OECF) Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi rÃµ trong ISO 14524. <OECF> lÃ  quan há»‡ giá»¯a dá»¯ liá»‡u nháº­p quang cá»§a mÃ¡y áº£nh, vÃ  cÃ¡c giÃ¡ trá»‹ áº£nh. Cho biáº¿t cao Ä‘á»™, Ä‘á»±a vÃ o tham chiáº¿u trong <tham chiáº¿u cao Ä‘á»™ GPS>. Cao Ä‘á»™ Ä‘Æ°á»£c tháº¿ hiá»‡n lÃ  má»™t giÃ¡ trá»‹ Há»®U Tá»¶. ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ tham chiáº¿u lÃ  mÃ©t. Cho biáº¿t cao Ä‘á»™ Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng lÃ  cao Ä‘á»™ tham chiáº¿u. Náº¿u tham chiáº¿u lÃ  máº·t biá»ƒn vÃ  cao Ä‘á»™ trÃªn máº·t biá»ƒn, Ä‘Æ°a ra 0. Náº¿u cao Ä‘á»™ dÆ°á»›i máº·t biá»ƒn, Ä‘Æ°a ra 1, vÃ  cao Ä‘á»™ Ä‘Æ°á»£c cho biáº¿t lÃ  giÃ¡ trá»‹ tuyá»‡t Ä‘á»‘i trong tháº» GPSAltitude. ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ tham chiáº¿u lÃ  mÃ©t. ChÃº Ã½ ráº±ng tháº» nÃ y lÃ  kiá»ƒu BYTE, khÃ¡c vá»›i cÃ¡c tháº» tham chiáº¿u khÃ¡c. Cho biáº¿t vá»‹ trÃ­ phÆ°Æ¡ng hÆ°á»›ng tá»›i Ä‘iá»ƒm Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ náº±m trong pháº¡m vi 0.00 Ä‘áº¿n 359.99. Cho biáº¿t máº«u hÃ¬nh há»c máº£ng lá»c mÃ u (CFA) cá»§a cáº£m biáº¿n áº£nh, khi dÃ¹ng má»™t cáº£m biáº¿n vÃ¹ng mÃ u phiáº¿n tinh thá»ƒ Ä‘Æ¡n. KhÃ´ng Ã¡p dá»¥ng vÃ o má»i phÆ°Æ¡ng phÃ¡p dÃ² tÃ¬m. Cho biáº¿t hÆ°á»›ng theo Ä‘Ã³ thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­n GPS di chuyá»ƒn. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ náº±m trong pháº¡m vi 0.00 Ä‘áº¿n 359.99. Cho biáº¿t hÆ°á»›ng cá»§a áº£nh khi nÃ³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c báº¯t. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ náº±m trong pháº¡m vi 0.00 Ä‘áº¿n 359.99. Cho biáº¿t khoáº£ng cÃ¡ch tá»›i Ä‘iá»ƒm Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n. Cho biáº¿t chá»‰ sá»‘ phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Ä‘Ã£ chá»n trÃªn mÃ¡y áº£nh hay thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­p vÃ o lÃºc chá»¥p áº£nh. Cho biáº¿t dá»¯ liá»‡u quan sÃ¡t Ä‘o Ä‘áº¡c Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng bá»Ÿi thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­n GPS. Náº¿u dá»¯ liá»‡u quan sÃ¡t bá»‹ giá»›i háº¡n á»Ÿ Nháº­t báº£n thÃ¬ giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a tháº» nÃ y lÃ  "TOKYO" hay "WGS-84". Náº¿u má»™t tháº» ThÃ´ng tin GPS Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi thÃ¬ ráº¥t khuyÃªn cÅ©ng ghi tháº» nÃ y. Cho biáº¿t cÃ¡ch nháº­n diá»‡n quy táº¯c kháº£ nÄƒng thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau. HÃ£y dÃ¹ng "R98" cho Quy táº¯c ExifR98. Bá»‘n byte Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng, gá»“m mÃ£ káº¿t thÃºc (Rá»–NG). HÃ£y xem tÃ i liá»‡u riÃªng CÃ¡c Quy táº¯c Kháº£ nÄƒng Thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau (ExifR98) cho cÃ¡c tháº» khÃ¡c Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng cho ExifR98. Chá»‰ ra kiá»ƒu cáº£m biáº¿n áº£nh trÃªn mÃ¡y áº£nh hay thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­p. Cho biáº¿t nguá»“n áº£nh. Náº¿u DSC Ä‘Ã£ ghi lÆ°u áº£nh Ä‘Ã³, giÃ¡ trá»‹ tháº» cá»§a tháº» nÃ y pháº£i luÃ´n Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t thÃ nh 3, cho biáº¿t lÃ  áº£nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi lÆ°u trÃªn DSC. Cho biáº¿t Ä‘á»™ vÄ© cá»§a Ä‘iá»ƒm Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n. Äá»™ vÄ© Ä‘Æ°á»£c tháº¿ hiá»‡n lÃ  ba giÃ¡ trá»‹ Há»®U Tá»¶ Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘á»™, phÃºt vÃ  giÃ¢y riÃªng tá»«ng. Khi tháº¿ hiá»‡n Ä‘á»™, phÃºt vÃ  giÃ¢y, Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng thÆ°á»ng lÃ  "Ä‘Ä‘/1,pp/1,gg/1". Khi dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»™ vÃ  phÃºt, vÃ , láº¥y thÃ­ dá»¥, pháº§n Ä‘á»™ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘áº¿n hai láº§n sá»‘, Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng lÃ  "Ä‘Ä‘/1,pppp/100,0/1". Cho biáº¿t Ä‘á»™ vÄ©. Äá»™ vÄ© Ä‘Æ°á»£c tháº¿ hiá»‡n lÃ  ba giÃ¡ trá»‹ Há»®U Tá»¶ Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘á»™, phÃºt vÃ  giÃ¢y riÃªng tá»«ng. Khi tháº¿ hiá»‡n Ä‘á»™, phÃºt vÃ  giÃ¢y, Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng lÃ  <Ä‘Ä‘/1,pp/1,gg/1>. Khi dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»™ vÃ  phÃºt, vÃ , láº¥y thÃ­ dá»¥, pháº§n Ä‘á»™ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘áº¿n hai láº§n sá»‘, Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng lÃ  <Ä‘Ä‘/1,pppp/100,0/1>. Cho biáº¿t vá»‹ trÃ­ cá»§a chá»§ thá»ƒ chÃ­nh trong cáº£nh. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a tháº» nÃ y thá»ƒ hiá»‡n Ä‘iá»ƒm táº¡i tÃ¢m cá»§a chá»§ thá»ƒ chÃ­nh, tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i cáº¡nh bÃªn trÃ¡i, trÆ°á»›c khi xá»­ lÃ½ Ä‘á»™ xoay tÃ¹y theo tháº» <Ä‘á»™ xoay>. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ thá»© nháº¥t cho biáº¿t sá»‘ hiá»‡u cá»™t X, cÃ²n giÃ¡ trá»‹ thá»© hai cho biáº¿t sá»‘ hiá»‡u hÃ ng Y. Cho biáº¿t Ä‘á»™ kinh cá»§a Ä‘iá»ƒm Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n. Äá»™ kinh Ä‘Æ°á»£c tháº¿ hiá»‡n lÃ  ba giÃ¡ trá»‹ Há»®U Tá»¶ Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘á»™, phÃºt vÃ  giÃ¢y riÃªng tá»«ng. Khi tháº¿ hiá»‡n Ä‘á»™, phÃºt vÃ  giÃ¢y, Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng lÃ  "Ä‘Ä‘/1,pp/1,gg/1". Khi dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»™ vÃ  phÃºt, vÃ , láº¥y thÃ­ dá»¥, pháº§n Ä‘á»™ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘áº¿n hai láº§n sá»‘, Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng lÃ  "Ä‘Ä‘/1,pppp/100,0/1". Cho biáº¿t kinh Ä‘á»™. Äá»™ kinh Ä‘Æ°á»£c tháº¿ hiá»‡n lÃ  ba giÃ¡ trá»‹ Há»®U Tá»¶ Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘á»™, phÃºt vÃ  giÃ¢y riÃªng tá»«ng. Khi tháº¿ hiá»‡n Ä‘á»™, phÃºt vÃ  giÃ¢y, Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng lÃ  <Ä‘Ä‘/1,pp/1,gg/1>. Khi dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»™ vÃ  phÃºt, vÃ , láº¥y thÃ­ dá»¥, pháº§n Ä‘á»™ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘áº¿n hai láº§n sá»‘, Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng lÃ  <Ä‘Ä‘/1,pppp/100,0/1>. Cho biáº¿t sá»‘ Ä‘iá»ƒm áº£nh vá» hÆ°á»›ng Ä‘á»™ cao áº£nh (Y) trÃªn má»—i <Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹ Ä‘á»™ phÃ¢n giáº£i pháº±ng tiÃªu> trÃªn pháº³ng tiÃªu cá»§a mÃ¡y áº£nh. Cho biáº¿t sá»‘ Ä‘iá»ƒm áº£nh vá» hÆ°á»›ng Ä‘á»™ rá»™ng áº£nh (X) trÃªn má»—i <Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹ Ä‘á»™ phÃ¢n giáº£i pháº±ng tiÃªu> trÃªn pháº³ng tiÃªu cá»§a mÃ¡y áº£nh. Cho biáº¿t tham chiáº¿u Ä‘á»ƒ cung cáº¥p hÆ°á»›ng theo Ä‘Ã³ thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­n GPS di chuyá»ƒn. "T" lÃ  hÆ°á»›ng Ä‘Ãºng, cÃ²n "M" lÃ  hÆ°á»›ng tá»«. Cho biáº¿t tham chiáº¿u Ä‘á»ƒ cung cáº¥p hÆ°á»›ng cá»§a áº£nh khi nÃ³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c báº¯t. "T" lÃ  hÆ°á»›ng Ä‘Ãºng, cÃ²n "M" lÃ  hÆ°á»›ng tá»«. Cho biáº¿t tham chiáº¿u dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ cung cáº¥p vá»‹ trÃ­ phÆ°Æ¡ng hÆ°á»›ng tá»›i Ä‘iá»ƒm Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n. "T" lÃ  hÆ°á»›ng Ä‘Ãºng, cÃ²n "M" lÃ  hÆ°á»›ng tá»«. Cho biáº¿t Ä‘á»™ nháº¡y quang phá»• cá»§a má»—i kÃªnh cá»§a mÃ¡y áº£nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a tháº» lÃ  chuá»—i ASCII tÆ°Æ¡ng thÃ­ch vá»›i tiÃªu chuáº©n Ä‘Æ°á»£c phÃ¡t triá»ƒn bá»Ÿi á»¦y ban Ká»¹ thuáº­t ASTM. Cho biáº¿t tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ di chuyá»ƒn cá»§a thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­n GPS. Cho biáº¿t tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­n GPS vÃ o lÃºc thu áº£nh. "A" cÃ³ nghÄ©a lÃ  Ä‘ang Ä‘o lÆ°á»ng; "V" cÃ³ nghÄ©a lÃ  sá»± Ä‘o lÃ  TÆ°Æ¡ng hÃ nh. Cho biáº¿t nÄƒng lÆ°á»£ng cá»§a Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y vÃ o lÃºc chá»¥p áº£nh, theo BCPS (giÃ¢y nÄƒng lÆ°á»£ng cÃ¢y náº¿n tia) Cho biáº¿t thá»i gian theo UTC (Thá»i gian Tháº¿ giá»›i). NhÃ£n thá»i gian Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»ƒ hiá»‡n theo ba giÃ¡ trá»‹ Há»®U Tá»¶ lÃ  giÃ¡, phÃºt vÃ  giÃ¢y. Cho biáº¿t kiá»ƒu cáº£nh. Náº¿u DSC Ä‘Ã£ ghi lÆ°u áº£nh Ä‘Ã³, giÃ¡ trá»‹ tháº» cá»§a tháº» nÃ y pháº£i luÃ´n Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t lÃ  1, cho biáº¿t lÃ  áº£nh Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c chá»¥p áº£nh má»™t cÃ¡ch trá»±c tiáº¿p. Cho biáº¿t Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹ Ä‘á»ƒ Ä‘o <Ä‘á»™ phÃ¢n giáº£i X pháº³ng tiÃªu> vÃ  <Ä‘á»™ phÃ¢n giáº£i Y pháº³ng tiÃªu>. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ nÃ y báº±ng <Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹ Ä‘á»™ phÃ¢n giáº£i>. Cho biáº¿t Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹ dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ thá»ƒ hiá»‡n tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ di chuyá»ƒn cá»§a thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­n GPS:
 * K	kilÃ´mÃ©t/giá»
 * M	dáº·m/giá»
 * N	háº£i lÃ½ Chá»‰ ra Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹ dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ biá»ƒu diá»…n khoáº£ng cÃ¡ch tá»›i Ä‘iá»ƒm Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n. â€œKâ€, â€œMâ€ vÃ  â€œNâ€ tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i kilÃ´mÃ©t, dáº·m vÃ  háº£i lÃ½. Cho biáº¿t giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a gamma há»‡ sá»‘. Cho biáº¿t phiÃªn báº£n cá»§a <IFD thÃ´ng tin GPS>. PhiÃªn báº£n Ä‘Æ°á»£c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ lÃ  <2.0.0.0>. Tháº» nÃ y báº¯t buá»™c khi cÃ³ tháº» <thÃ´ng tin GPS>. (Ghi chÃº: tháº» <ID phiÃªn báº£n GPS> Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Æ°a ra theo byte, khÃ¡c vá»›i tháº» <phiÃªn báº£n Exif>. Khi phiÃªn báº£n lÃ  <2.0.0.0>, giÃ¡ trá»‹ tháº» lÃ  <02000000.H>). Cho biáº¿t náº¿u chá»©c nÄƒng sá»­a chá»¯a phÃ¢n biá»‡t Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ã¡p dá»¥ng cho thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­n GPS hay khÃ´ng. Cho biáº¿t náº¿u thÃ nh pháº§n Ä‘iá»ƒm áº£nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c thu thanh trong Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng kiá»ƒu tá»«ng Ä‘oáº¡n hay pháº³ng. Trong dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG, má»™t dáº¥u hiá»‡u JPEG Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng thay vÃ o tháº» nÃ y. Náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ trÆ°á»ng nÃ y, giáº£ sá»­ giÃ¡ trá»‹ TIFF máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh: 1 (kiá»ƒu tá»«ng Ä‘oáº¡n). Cho biáº¿t cÃ³ Ä‘á»™ vÄ© Báº¯c hay Nam.  GiÃ¡ trá»‹ ASCII <N> cho biáº¿t Ä‘á»™ vÄ© Báº¯c, cÃ²n <S> lÃ  Ä‘á»™ vÄ© Nam. Cho biáº¿t náº¿u Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n cÃ³ Ä‘á»™ vÄ© Báº¯c hay Nam. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ ASCII "N" cho biáº¿t Ä‘á»™ vÄ© Báº¯c, cÃ²n "S" lÃ  Ä‘á»™ vÄ© Nam. Chá»‰ ra nÃ³ lÃ  Ä‘á»™ kinh ÄÃ´ng hay TÃ¢y. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ ASCII <E> Ã½ lÃ  Ä‘á»™ kinh ÄÃ´ng, cÃ²n <W> lÃ  Ä‘á»™ kinh TÃ¢y. Cho biáº¿t náº¿u Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n cÃ³ Ä‘á»™ kinh ÄÃ´ng hay TÃ¢y. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ ASCII "E" cho biáº¿t Ä‘á»™ kinh ÄÃ´ng, cÃ²n "W" lÃ  Ä‘á»™ kinh TÃ¢y. Trong nhÃ  VÃ´ cá»±c VÃ´ háº¡n BÆ°á»›c á»‘ng kÃ­nh vÃ´ háº¡n ThÃ´ng tin ThÃ´ng tin Ä‘áº·c trÆ°ng cho dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n. Nhá»¯ng kÃªnh cá»§a má»—i thÃ nh pháº§n Ä‘Æ°á»£c sáº¯p xáº¿p theo thá»© tá»± tá»« thÃ nh pháº§n thá»© nháº¥t Ä‘áº¿n thá»© tÆ°. Äá»‘i vá»›i dá»¯ liá»‡u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c nÃ©n, cÃ¡ch sáº¯p xáº¿p dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Æ°a ra trong tháº» <thÃ´ng dá»‹ch Ä‘o áº£nh chá»¥p>. Tuy nhiÃªn, vÃ¬ tháº» <thÃ´ng dá»‹ch Ä‘o áº£nh chá»¥p> cÃ³ thá»ƒ hiá»‡n Ä‘Æ°á»£c chá»‰ thá»© tá»± cá»§a Y, CB vÃ  Cr, tháº» nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c cung cáº¥p cho cÃ¡c trÆ°á»ng há»£p mÃ  dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n dÃ¹ng thÃ nh pháº§n khÃ¡c vá»›i Y, Cb vra Cr, vÃ  Ä‘á»ƒ hiá»‡u lá»±c kháº£ nÄƒng há»— trá»£ cÃ¡c dÃ£y khÃ¡c. ThÃ´ng tin Ä‘áº·c trÆ°ng cho dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n. Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ nÃ©n Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng cho áº£nh Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Æ°a ra theo Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹ bit trÃªn má»—i Ä‘iá»ƒm áº£nh. ThÃ´ng tin Ä‘áº·c trÆ°ng cho dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n. Khi ghi lÆ°u táº­p tin Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n, Ä‘á»™ cao há»£p lá»‡ cá»§a áº£nh cÃ³ nghÄ©a pháº£i Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi lÆ°u trong tháº» nÃ y, báº¥t cháº¥p cÃ³ dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘á»‡m hay dáº¥u hiá»‡u sá»Ÿ khá»Ÿi láº¡i. KhÃ´ng nÃªn cÃ³ tháº» nÃ y trong táº­p tin khÃ´ng nÃ©n. VÃ¬ khÃ´ng cáº§n Ä‘á»‡m dá»¯ liá»‡u vá» hÆ°á»›ng dá»c, sá»‘ cÃ¡c dÃ²ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi lÆ°u trong tháº» Ä‘á»™ cao áº£nh há»£p lá»‡ nÃ y thá»±c sá»± cÃ¹ng má»™t sá»‘ vá»›i sá»‘ Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi lÆ°u trong SOF. ThÃ´ng tin Ä‘áº·c trÆ°ng cho dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n. Khi ghi lÆ°u táº­p tin Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n, Ä‘á»™ rá»™ng há»£p lá»‡ cá»§a áº£nh cÃ³ nghÄ©a pháº£i Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi lÆ°u trong tháº» nÃ y, báº¥t cháº¥p cÃ³ dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘á»‡m hay dáº¥u hiá»‡u sá»Ÿ khá»Ÿi láº¡i. KhÃ´ng nÃªn cÃ³ tháº» nÃ y trong táº­p tin khÃ´ng Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n. Intel Äan nhau Ná»™i bá»™ Ná»™i bá»™ + BÃªn ngoÃ i Báº£ng ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y Ná»™i bá»™ Lá»—i ná»™i bá»™ (giÃ¡ trá»‹ khÃ´ng rÃµ %hi) Lá»—i ná»™i bá»™ (giÃ¡ trá»‹ khÃ´ng rÃµ %i) Con trá» IFD kháº£ nÄƒng thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau IFD kháº£ nÄƒng thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau Ä‘Æ°á»£c táº¡o tá»« nhiá»u tháº» lÆ°u thÃ´ng tin Ä‘á»ƒ báº£o Ä‘áº£m kháº£ nÄƒng thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau, vÃ  Ä‘Æ°á»£c chá»‰ bá»Ÿi tháº» Ä‘áº±ng sau, trong IFD Exif. Cáº¥u trÃºc thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau cá»§a IFD thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau lÃ  cÃ¹ng má»™t cáº¥u trÃºc vá»›i IFD Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a TIFF, nhÆ°ng khÃ´ng chá»©a dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh thÆ°á»ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c so sÃ¡nh vá»›i IFD TIFF chuáº©n. Chá»‰ sá»‘ tÆ°Æ¡ng hÃ nh PhiÃªn báº£n tÆ°Æ¡ng hÃ nh Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡ "%s", cÃ²n Ä‘á»£i "%s" hay "%s". Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡ "%s", cáº§n "%s". Sá»‘ thÃ nh pháº§n khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡ (%i, cáº§n %i hay %i). Sá»‘ thÃ nh pháº§n khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡ (%i, cáº§n %i). Má»¥c nháº­p cÃ³ kÃ­ch cá»¡ khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡ (%i, cáº§n %li x %i). JPEG Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng hoÃ¡n Ä‘á»•i JPEG Äá»™ dÃ i Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng hoÃ¡n Ä‘á»•i JPEG NÃ©n JPEG Tráº» con vÃ  thÃº cÆ°ng NÃ©n LZW ÄÃ¨n Náº±m ngang Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ náº±m ngang (chá»¥p phong cáº£nh vá»›i ná»n rÃµ) Lá»›n VÄ© Ä‘á»™ Äá»™ vÄ© Ä‘Ã­ch TrÃ¡i TrÃ¡i qua pháº£i TrÃ¡i-dÆ°á»›i TrÃ¡i-giá»¯a TrÃ¡i-pháº£i TrÃ¡i-trÃªn á»ng kÃ­nh Tham sá»‘ MÃ©o mÃ³ á»ng kÃ­nh CÃ¡c Ä‘á»™ má»Ÿ á»ng kÃ­nh ThÃ´ng tin á»‘ng kÃ­nh Nhiá»‡t Ä‘á»™ á»‘ng kÃ­nh Kiá»ƒu á»‘ng kÃ­nh Äiá»u kiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng Nguá»“n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng Nguá»“n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng Ä‘áº·c biá»‡t Kiá»ƒu Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng TÃ¢m giÃ¡ trá»‹ Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng Ngoáº¡i vi giÃ¡ trá»‹ Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng ThÃº cÆ°ng sÃ¡ng DÃ i TiÃªu cá»± dÃ i cá»§a á»‘ng kÃ­nh Cháº­p lÃ¢u Kinh Ä‘á»™ Kinh Ä‘á»™ cá»§a Ä‘Ã­ch Tháº¥p Tháº¥p khuáº¿ch Ä‘áº¡i xuá»‘ng Tháº¥p khuáº¿ch Ä‘áº¡i xuá»‘ng Äá»™ bÃ£o hÃ²a tháº¥p TrÃ¡i-dÆ°á»›i Pháº£i-dÆ°á»›i Tháº¥p nháº¥t M-DEP VÄ© lá»‡nh Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ vÄ© lá»‡nh HÃ£ng cháº¿ táº¡o ghi chÃº PhiÃªn báº£n ghi chÃº hÃ£ng cháº¿ táº¡o Thá»§ cÃ´ng Tá»± chá»n Ä‘iá»ƒm AF Má»Ÿ ÄÃ¨n nhÃ¡y báº±ng Tay TiÃªu cá»± báº±ng Tay PhÆ¡i sÃ¡ng thá»§ cÃ´ng Láº¥y nÃ©t thá»§ cÃ´ng Tá»± Ä‘áº·t nhiá»‡t Ä‘á»™ (Kenvin) CÃ¢n báº±ng tráº¯ng báº±ng tay Báº±ng tay: %liK Báº±ng tay: khÃ´ng rÃµ HÃ£ng cháº¿ táº¡o Kháº©u Ä‘á»™ tá»‘i Ä‘a GiÃ¡ trá»‹ Kháº©u Ä‘á»™ Tá»‘i Ä‘a Kháº©u Ä‘á»™ tá»‘i Ä‘a á»Ÿ tiÃªu cá»± tá»‘i Ä‘a Kháº©u Ä‘á»™ tá»‘i Ä‘a á»Ÿ tiÃªu cá»± tá»‘i thiá»ƒu TiÃªu cá»± tá»‘i Ä‘a EV Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘o Äá»™ chÃ­nh xÃ¡c Ä‘o lÆ°á»ng Vá»«a Vá»«a 1 Vá»«a 2 Vá»«a 3 Cá»©ng vá»«a Cao vá»«a Tháº¥p vá»«a ThÃº cÆ°ng vá»«a Má»m vá»«a Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ Ä‘o TrÃ¡i-giá»¯a Pháº£i-giá»¯a VÃ¹ng giá»¯a Kháº©u Ä‘á»™ tá»‘i thiá»ƒu TiÃªu cá»± tá»‘i thiá»ƒu MÃ´ hÃ¬nh Nháº­n diá»‡n mÃ´ hÃ¬nh ÄÆ¡n sáº¯c Motorola Phim Äa Ä‘iá»ƒm Äa phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Äa Báº£o tÃ ng Dá»¯ liá»‡u mÃ u tÃ´i MÃ u sáº¯c tÃ´i KhÃ´ng cÃ³ Lá»c ND NP vÃ  Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y TÃªn cá»§a vÃ¹ng GPS TÃªn cá»§a phÆ°Æ¡ng phÃ¡p xá»­ lÃ½ GPS áº¢nh chá»¥p tá»± nhiÃªn Sáº¯c mÃ u da tháº­t BÆ°á»›c á»‘ng kÃ­nh á»Ÿ gáº§n Trung tÃ­nh Kiá»ƒu táº­p tin con má»›i ÄÃªm Cáº£nh Ä‘em áº¢nh chá»¥p Ä‘Ãªm KhÃ´ng KhÃ´ng AE KhÃ´ng má» KhÃ´ng máº¯t cÃ¡ KhÃ´ng Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y KhÃ´ng cÃ³ chá»©c nÄƒng nhÃ¡y ChÆ°a tá»± chá»n láº¥y nÃ©t Giáº£m nhiá»…u KhÃ´ng cÃ³ KhÃ´ng cÃ³ (MF) Chuáº©n AE chuáº©n TiÃªu Chuáº©n ÄÆ¡n nguá»“n chuáº©n Tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh chuáº©n ChÆ°Æ¡ng trÃ¬nh chuáº©n Chuáº©n, HQ Chuáº©n, RAW Chuáº©n, SHQ Chuáº©n, SQ Chuáº©n, SQ1 Chuáº©n, SQ2 Chuáº©n, tiÃªu chuáº©n Chuáº©n, cá»±c cao Äá»™ vÄ© Báº¯c hay Nam ChÆ°a Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a KhÃ´ng Ä‘á»§ bá»™ nhá»› KhÃ´ng rÃµ Táº§m Ä‘á»‘i tÆ°á»£ng Táº¯t Vá»‹ trÃ­ tÆ°Æ¡ng Ä‘á»‘i cá»§a thÆ° má»¥c xem trÆ°á»›c áº£nh (IFD) trong táº­p tin. Bá» cao áº£nh Olympus Bá» rá»™ng áº£nh Oympus Báº­t Báº­t (Äá»‹nh sáºµn) Báº­t (chá»¥p 1) Báº­t (chá»¥p 2) Báº­t (chá»¥p 3) Báº­t, giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» Báº­t, chá»‰ chá»¥p Báº­t, Ä‘á»“ng bá»™ cháº­m Báº­t, Ä‘á»“ng bá»™ cháº­m, giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» Báº­t, má»m Báº­t, Ä‘á»“ng bá»™ mÃ nh Ä‘i theo Báº­t, khÃ´ng dÃ¢y (wireless) CÃ¢n báº±ng tráº¯ng má»™t láº§n Cáº£m biáº¿n vÃ¹ng mÃ u phiáº¿n tinh thá»ƒ Ä‘Æ¡n AF chá»¥p má»™t Báº¥m Ä‘Æ¡n Thu/phÃ³ng quang há»c Tá»‘i Ä‘a hÃ³a áº£nh HÃ m chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i quang Ä‘iá»‡n tá»­ há»c Sá»‘ hiá»‡u Ä‘Æ¡n Ä‘áº·t hÃ ng HÆ°á»›ng Gá»‘c KhÃ¡c KhÃ´ng rÃµ PhÆ¡i quÃ¡ lÃ¢u TÃªn chá»§ sá»Ÿ há»¯u PC Ä‘áº·t 1 PC Ä‘áº·t 2 PC Ä‘áº·t 3 Khá»›p áº£nh PRINT NÃ©n PackBits Äá»‡m Báº£ng mÃ u KÃ©o ngang láº¥y nÃ©t Chá»¥p toÃ n cáº£nh HÆ°á»›ng cáº£nh quay lia Khung cáº£nh quay lia Bá»™ pháº­n Tiá»‡c Máº«u Hiá»‡u á»©ng áº£nh chá»¥p ThÃ´ng dá»‹ch Äo áº¢nh chá»¥p Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ áº£nh Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ áº£nh (2) Kiá»ƒu áº£nh Äiá»ƒm áº£nh chiá»u X Äiá»ƒm áº£nh chiá»u Y Cáº¥u hÃ¬nh pháº³ng Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng pháº³ng ChÃ¢n dung Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ tháº³ng Ä‘á»©ng (chá»¥p áº£nh cáº£nh gáº§n cÃ³ ná»n má») BÆ°u thiáº¿p Khung chá»¥p Sáºµn Äá»‹nh sáºµn Báº¥m Ä‘i, báº¥m dá»«ng Xem thá»­ áº£nh IFD Xem thá»­ áº£nh há»£p lá»‡ DÃ i báº£n xem thá»­ Cá»¡ báº£n xem thá»­ Äáº§u báº£n xem thá»­ Sáº¯c Ä‘á»™ chÃ­nh CÃ i Ä‘áº·t PrintIM ChÆ°Æ¡ng trÃ¬nh AE chÆ°Æ¡ng trÃ¬nh Diá»…n tiáº¿n Cháº¥t lÆ°á»£ng Cáº¥p cháº¥t lÆ°á»£ng Chá»¥p nhanh R RAW RGB Há»¯u tá»· Cá»¡ áº£nh thÃ´ Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ ghi Thu nháº£ cháº­p Thu khi báº¥m CÃ¢n báº±ng Äá» Sá»­a Ä‘á» %f, Sá»­a xanh %f Giáº£m máº¯t Ä‘á» Äen/Tráº¯ng tham chiáº¿u Tham chiáº¿u vá» Ä‘á»™ vÄ© cá»§a Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n Tham chiáº¿u vá» vá»‹ trÃ­ phÆ°Æ¡ng hÆ°á»›ng cá»§a Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n Tham chiáº¿u vá» khoáº£ng cÃ¡ch Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n Tham chiáº¿u vá» kinh Ä‘á»™ cá»§a Ä‘Ã­ch Ä‘áº¿n Tham chiáº¿u vá» hÆ°á»›ng di chuyá»ƒn Táº­p tin Ã¢m thanh liÃªn quan LiÃªn quan Ä‘áº¿n ká»¹ thuáº­t khá»›p áº£nh PRINT cá»§a cÃ´ng ty Epson LÆ°u láº¡i Äá»ƒ dÃ nh ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ PhÃ¢n giáº£i ÄÆ¡n nguá»“n ngÆ°á»£c láº¡i Pháº£i Pháº£i qua trÃ¡i Pháº£i-dÆ°á»›i Pháº£i-trÃªn Xoay 180Âº Xoay 270Âº xuÃ´i chiá»u Xoay 90Âº xuÃ´i chiá»u ÄÆ°á»£c xoay báº±ng pháº§n má»m HÃ ng/Máº£nh SByte SDÃ i SHá»¯u tá»· SNgáº¯n SXGA cÆ¡ báº£n SXGA Ä‘áº¹p SXGA chuáº©n Máº«u/Äiá»ƒm áº£nh BÃ£o hÃ²a Kiá»ƒu chá»¥p quang cáº£nh PhÃ¡t hiá»‡n cáº£nh ná»n Chá»n cáº£nh Kiá»ƒu cáº£nh Máº·t biá»ƒn Tham chiáº¿u máº·t biá»ƒn Bá»©c tá»± há»a Thá»i gian tá»± Ä‘áº¿m PhÆ°Æ¡ng thá»©c cáº£m biáº¿n Cá»¡ Ä‘iá»ƒm áº£nh cáº£m biáº¿n Nhiá»‡t Ä‘á»™ cáº£m biáº¿n Kiá»ƒu nÃ¢u Ä‘en Sá»‘ liÃªn tiáº¿p Khoáº£ng chá»¥p liÃªn tá»¥c Chá»¥p liÃªn tiáº¿p Sá»‘ sáº£n xuáº¥t Táº­p 1 Táº­p 2 Táº­p 3 CÃ i Ä‘áº·t (Pháº§n Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn) CÃ i Ä‘áº·t (Pháº§n thá»© hai) BÃ³ng ThÃ´ng tin giáº£m rung Sáº¯c nÃ©t Há»‡ sá»‘ Sáº¯c Táº§n sá»‘ Ä‘á»™ Sáº¯c CÃ i Ä‘áº·t Ä‘á»™ Sáº¯c Ngáº¯n TiÃªu cá»± ngáº¯n cá»§a á»‘ng kÃ­nh ISO chá»¥p Cháº­p Tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ Cháº­p Æ¯u tiÃªn tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ Æ¯u tiÃªn cháº­p AE Tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ cá»§a cháº­p. ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ lÃ  cÃ i Ä‘áº·t APEX (há»‡ thá»‘ng phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng chá»¥p áº£nh kiá»ƒu cá»™ng vÃ o). Sigma 10-20mm F4-5.6 or 12-24mm f/4.5-5.6 or 14mm f/2.8 Sigma 15-30mm f/3.5-4.5 EX DG Aspherical Sigma 17-35mm f2.8-4 EX Aspherical HSM Sigma 20mm EX f/1.8 Sigma 50mm f/2.8 EX or 28mm f/1.8 Sigma UC Zoom 35-135mm f/4-5.6 ÄÆ¡n KÃ­ch cá»¡ cá»§a áº£nh Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n, theo byte. Dá»¯ liá»‡u cÃ³ kÃ­ch cá»¡ quÃ¡ nhá» Ä‘á»ƒ chá»©a dá»¯ liá»‡u EXIF. Cháº­p Cháº­m Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ Ä‘á»“ng bá»™ cháº­m Cháº­p cháº­m Äá»“ng bá»™ cháº­m Nhá» Má»‹n Tuyáº¿t Má»m Má»m nháº¥t Pháº§n má»m ÄÃ¡p á»©ng táº§n sá»‘ khÃ´ng gian Äá»™ nháº¡y quang phá»• ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ Tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ Tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ bá»™ nháº­n GPS HÆ°á»›ng Tá»‘c Ä‘á»™/DÃ£y/Cáº£nh quay lia ÄÃ¨n tá»‘c Ä‘á»™ Thá»ƒ thao Thá»ƒ thao Cháº¥m Äiá»ƒm láº¥y nÃ©t Chuáº©n Chuáº©n (100%) Ãnh sÃ¡ng chuáº©n A Ãnh sÃ¡ng chuáº©n B Ãnh sÃ¡ng chuáº©n C áº¢nh tÄ©nh Byte/Máº£nh Hiá»‡u sá»‘ máº£nh PhÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng nháº¥p nhÃ¡y trá»Ÿ vá» ChÆ°a phÃ¡t hiá»‡n Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng nháº¥p nhÃ¡y trá»Ÿ vá» Thá»i gian dÆ°á»›i giÃ¢y Thá»i gian dÆ°á»›i giÃ¢y (Ä‘Ã£ sá»‘ hÃ³a) Thá»i gian dÆ°á»›i giÃ¢y (gá»‘c) Diá»‡n tÃ­ch chá»§ thá»ƒ Khoáº£ng cÃ¡ch chá»§ thá»ƒ VÃ¹ng khoáº£ng cÃ¡ch chá»§ thá»ƒ Vá»‹ trÃ­ chá»§ thá»ƒ Trá»i náº¯ng HoÃ ng hÃ´n HoÃ ng hÃ´n hay Ã¡nh sÃ¡ng náº¿n Cá»±c Ä‘áº¹p, HQ Cá»±c Ä‘áº¹p, RAW Cá»±c Ä‘áº¹p, SHQ Cá»±c Ä‘áº¹p, SQ Cá»±c Ä‘áº¹p, SQ1 Cá»±c Ä‘áº¹p, SQ2 Cá»±c Ä‘áº¹p, cao Cá»±c Ä‘áº¹p, cá»±c cao SiÃªu vÄ© lá»‡nh Háº£o háº¡ng SÃ³ng báº¡c Ä‘áº§u & tuyáº¿t Thu Ã¢m Ä‘á»“ng bá»™ TIF TIF+JPEG TIFF ID chuáº©n TIFF/EP TTL TV Tháº» "%s" cÃ³ Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng "%s" (mÃ  vi pháº¡m Ä‘áº·c táº£) mÃ  khÃ´ng thá»ƒ thay Ä‘á»•i thÃ nh Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng "%s". Tháº» "%s" cÃ³ Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng "%s" (mÃ  vi pháº¡m Ä‘áº·c táº£) vÃ  Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c thay Ä‘á»•i thÃ nh Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng "%s". Tháº» "NgÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng Ghi chÃº" khÃ´ng báº¯t Ä‘áº§u vá»›i dáº¥u hiá»‡u Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng: Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c sá»­a. Tháº» "NgÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng Ghi chÃº" cÃ³ Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡ "%s". Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng nÃ³ Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t thÃ nh "chÆ°a Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a". Tháº» "NgÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng Ghi chÃº" Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c má»Ÿ rá»™ng Ä‘áº¿n Ã­t nháº¥t 8 byte Ä‘á»ƒ tÃ¹y theo Ä‘áº·c táº£. Tháº» "NgÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng Ghi chÃº" khÃ¡c trá»‘ng mÃ  khÃ´ng báº¯t Ä‘áº§u vá»›i dáº¥u hiá»‡u Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng: Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c sá»­a. Tháº» "GhichÃºNgÆ°á»idÃ¹ng" (UserComment) chá»©a dá»¯ liá»‡u nhÆ°ng dá»±a vÃ o Ä‘áº·c táº£. Tamron AF Aspherical 28-200mm f/3.8-5.6 Tamron SP AF 300mm f/2.8 LD IF Kháº©u Ä‘á»™ Ä‘Ã­ch Thá»i gian phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Ä‘Ã­ch VÄƒn báº£n Sá»‘ F. PhiÃªn báº£n Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng FlashPix Ä‘Æ°á»£c há»— trá»£ bá»Ÿi táº­p tin FPXR. TiÃªu cá»± tháº­t cá»§a á»‘ng kÃ­nh, theo milimÃ©t. KhÃ´ng chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i sang tiÃªu cá»± cá»§a mÃ¡y áº£nh phim 35mm. Sáº¯c Ä‘á»™ cá»§a ba mÃ u chÃ­nh cá»§a áº£nh. BÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng, khÃ´ng cáº§n tháº» nÃ y, vÃ¬ miá»n mÃ u Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi rÃµ trong tháº» thÃ´ng tin miá»n mÃ u (<ColorSpace>). Sáº¯c Ä‘á»™ cá»§a Ä‘iá»ƒm tráº¯ng cá»§a áº£nh. BÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng, khÃ´ng cáº§n tháº» nÃ y, vÃ¬ miá»n mÃ u Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi rÃµ trong tháº» thÃ´ng tin miá»n mÃ u (<ColorSpace>). Háº¡ng cá»§a chÆ°Æ¡ng trÃ¬nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng bá»Ÿi mÃ¡y áº£nh Ä‘á»ƒ Ä‘áº·t Ä‘á»™ phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng khi chá»¥p áº£nh. Tháº» thÃ´ng tin miá»n mÃ u luÃ´n luÃ´n Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi lÆ°u nhÆ° lÃ  bá»™ ghi rÃµ miá»n mÃ u. BÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng, <sRGB (=1)> Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh miá»n mÃ u dá»±a vÃ o Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n mÃ n hÃ¬nh vÃ  mÃ´i trÆ°á»ng mÃ¡y tÃ­nh. DÃ¹ng miá»n mÃ u khÃ¡c vá»›i sRGB thÃ¬ ChÆ°a Ä‘á»‹nh chuáº©n (=FFFF.H) Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t. Dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi lÆ°u dáº¡ng ChÆ°a Ä‘á»‹nh chuáº©n cÃ³ thá»ƒ Ä‘Æ°á»£c xá»­ lÃ½ dáº¡ng sRGB khi Ä‘Æ°á»£c chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i sang FlashPix. LÆ°á»£c Ä‘á»“ nÃ©n Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng cho dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh. Khi má»™t áº£nh chÃ­nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c nÃ©n dáº¡ng JPEG, sá»± chá»‰ rÃµ nÃ y khÃ´ng cáº§n thiáº¿t nÃªn bá»‹ bá» Ä‘i. Khi hÃ¬nh thu nhá» dÃ¹ng nÃ©n JPEG, giÃ¡ trá»‹ tháº» nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t lÃ  6. Dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Æ°á»£c cung cáº¥p khÃ´ng tÃ¹y theo Ä‘áº·c táº£. Dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Æ°á»£c cung cáº¥p cÃ³ váº» khÃ´ng chá»©a dá»¯ liá»‡u EXIF. NgÃ y vÃ  giá»Ÿ táº¡o áº£nh. Trong tiÃªu chuáº©n nÃ y (EXIF-2.1), nÃ³ lÃ  ngÃ y vÃ  giá» sá»­a Ä‘á»•i táº­p tin. NgÃ y thÃ¡ng vÃ  thá»i gian lÆ°u áº£nh dÆ°á»›i dáº¡ng dá»¯ liá»‡u sá»‘. NgÃ y vÃ  giá» táº¡o áº£nh gá»‘c. Äá»‘i vá»›i mÃ¡y áº£nh tÄ©nh sá»‘, cÃ³ ghi lÆ°u ngÃ y vÃ  giá» chá»¥p áº£nh. Khoáº£ng cÃ¡ch tá»›i chá»§ Ä‘á», ghi theo mÃ©t. Khuynh hÆ°á»›ng cá»§a sá»± phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng. ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ lÃ  giÃ¡ trá»‹ APEX. BÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng, nÃ³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Æ°a ra trong pháº¡m vi "-99.99 â€¦ 99.99". KhÃ´ng thá»ƒ má»Ÿ táº­p tin "%s". HÆ°á»›ng cá»§a áº£nh, theo hÃ ng vÃ  cá»™t. Kiá»ƒu nguá»“n Ã¡nh dÃ¡ng. Kháº©u Ä‘á»™ á»‘ng kÃ­nh. ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ lÃ  giÃ¡ trá»‹ APEX. HÃ£ng cháº¿ táº¡o thiáº¿t bá»‹ thu thanh. NÃ³ lÃ  hÃ£ng cháº¿ táº¡o DSC, mÃ¡y quÃ©t, bá»™ sá»‘ tá»± hÃ³a áº£nh Ä‘á»™ng hay thiáº¿t bá»‹ khÃ¡c Ä‘Ã£ táº¡o ra áº£nh. Khi trÆ°á»ng trá»‘ng, nÃ³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c xá»­ lÃ½ lÃ  khÃ´ng rÃµ. Nhá»¯ng há»‡ sá»‘ ma tráº­n Ä‘á»ƒ chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i tá»« dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh kiá»ƒu RGB sang YCbCr. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ giÃ¡ trá»‹ máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh theo TIFF; á»Ÿ Ä‘Ã¢y dÃ¹ng máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ  giÃ¡ trá»‹ Ä‘Æ°a ra trong "HÆ°á»›ng dáº«n Miá»n MÃ u". Miá»n mÃ u Ä‘Æ°á»£c khai bÃ¡o trong má»™t tháº» thÃ´ng tin miá»n mÃ u, vá»›i giÃ¡ trá»‹ máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ  giÃ¡ trá»‹ cho phÃ©p thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau Ä‘áº·c tuyáº¿n áº£nh tá»‘t nháº¥t vá»›i Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n nÃ y. Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ Ä‘o. TÃªn hay sá»‘ mÃ´ hÃ¬nh cá»§a thiáº¿t bá»‹. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ nÃ y lÃ  tÃªn hay sá»‘ mÃ´ hÃ¬nh cá»§a DSC, mÃ¡y quÃ©t, bá»™ sá»‘ tá»± hÃ³a áº£nh Ä‘á»™ng hay thiáº¿t bá»‹ khÃ¡c Ä‘Ã£ táº¡o ra áº£nh. Khi trÆ°á»ng trá»‘ng, nÃ³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c xá»­ lÃ½ lÃ  khÃ´ng rÃµ. Sá»‘ bit trong má»—i thÃ nh pháº§n áº£nh. Äá»‘i vá»›i tiÃªu chuáº©n nÃ y, má»—i thÃ nh pháº§n cá»§a áº£nh chiáº¿m 8 bit, thÃ¬ giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a tháº» nÃ y lÃ  8. Xem thÃªm <SamplesPerPixel> (máº«u trÃªn Ä‘á»‹á»ƒm áº£nh). Trong dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG, má»™t dáº¥u hiá»‡u JPEG Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng thay vÃ o tháº» nÃ y. Sá»‘ byte dá»¯ liá»‡u hÃ¬nh thu nhá» Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG. KhÃ´ng dÃ¹ng cho dá»¯ liá»‡u JPEG áº£nh chÃ­nh. HÃ¬nh thu nhá» JPEG khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c chia ra, nhÆ°ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c thu thanh dáº¡ng luá»“ng bit JPEG liÃªn tá»¥c tá»« SOI Ä‘áº¿n EOI. Dáº¥u hiá»‡u Appn vÃ  COM khÃ´ng nÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»£c thu thanh. HÃ¬nh thu nhá» Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n pháº£i Ä‘Æ°á»£c thu thanh á»Ÿ trong 64 Kb, gá»“m cÃ¡c dá»¯ liá»‡u cáº§n thu thanh trong APP1. Sá»‘ cá»™t dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh, báº±ng sá»‘ Ä‘iá»ƒm áº£nh trong má»—i hÃ ng. Trong dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG, má»™t dáº¥u hiá»‡u JPEG Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng thay vÃ o tháº» nÃ y. Sá»‘ thÃ nh pháº§n trÃªn má»—i Ä‘iá»ƒm áº£nh. VÃ¬ tiÃªu chuáº©n nÃ y Ã¡p dá»¥ng vÃ o áº£nh kiá»ƒu RGB vÃ  YCbCr, giÃ¡ trá»‹ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t cho tháº» nÃ y lÃ  3. Trong dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG, má»™t dáº¥u hiá»‡u JPEG Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng thay vÃ o tháº» nÃ y. Sá»‘ Ä‘iá»ƒm áº£nh trÃªn má»—i <Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹ phÃ¢n giáº£i> vá» hÆ°á»›ng <dÃ i áº£nh>. Khi khÃ´ng biáº¿t Ä‘á»™ phÃ¢n giáº£i cá»§a áº£nh, giÃ¡ trá»‹ máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ  72 [dpi, cháº¥m trÃªn má»—i insÆ¡ bÃ¬nh phÆ°Æ¡ng]. Sá»‘ Ä‘iá»ƒm áº£nh trÃªn má»—i <Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹ phÃ¢n giáº£i> vá» hÆ°á»›ng <rá»™ng áº£nh>. Khi khÃ´ng biáº¿t Ä‘á»™ phÃ¢n giáº£i cá»§a áº£nh, giÃ¡ trá»‹ máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ  72 [dpi, cháº¥m trÃªn má»—i insÆ¡ bÃ¬nh phÆ°Æ¡ng]. Sá»‘ hÃ ng dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh. Trong dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG, má»™t dáº¥u hiá»‡u JPEG Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng thay vÃ o tháº» nÃ y. Sá»‘ hÃ ng trÃªn má»—i máº£nh, sá»‘ hÃ ng trong áº£nh cá»§a má»™t mÃ£nh khi áº£nh chia cho nhiá»u máº£nh. Äá»‘i vá»›i dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG, khÃ´ng cáº§n sá»± chá»‰ rÃµ nÃ y nÃªn nÃ³ bá»‹ bá» Ä‘i. Xem them <Hiá»‡u sá»‘ máº£nh> vÃ  <sá»‘ byte máº£nh>. Hiá»‡u sá»‘ tá»›i byte Ä‘áº§u (SOI) cÅ©a dá»¯ liá»‡u hÃ¬nh thu nhá» Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG. KhÃ´ng dÃ¹ng cho dá»¯ liá»‡u JPEG áº£nh chÃ­nh. Sá»± há»£p thÃ nh Ä‘iá»ƒm áº£nh. Trong dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG, má»™t dáº¥u hiá»‡u JPEG Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng thay vÃ o tháº» nÃ y. Vá»‹ trÃ­ cá»§a thÃ nh pháº§n Ä‘á»™ mÃ u so sÃ¡nh vá»›i thÃ nh pháº§n Ä‘á»™ sÃ¡ng. TrÆ°á»ng nÃ y hoáº¡t Ä‘á»™ng chá»‰ cho dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG hay cho dá»¯ liá»‡u YCbCr chÆ°a nÃ©n. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ TIFF máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ  1 (giá»¯a láº¡i); nhÆ°ng khi <Y:Cb:Cr = 4:2:2>, trong tiÃªu chuáº©n nÃ y khuyÃªn dÃ¹ng 2 (Ä‘á»‹nh vá»‹ vá»›i nhau) Ä‘á»ƒ thu thanh dá»¯ liá»‡u, Ä‘á»ƒ tÄƒng cháº¥t lÆ°á»£ng áº£nh khi xem trÃªn há»‡ thá»‘ng TV. Khi khÃ´ng cÃ³ trÆ°á»ng nÃ y, thiáº¿t bá»‹ Ä‘á»c sáº½ giáº£ sá»­ giÃ¡ trá»‹ TIFF máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh. Khi <Y:Cb:Cr = 4:2:0>, khuyÃªn dÃ¹ng giÃ¡ trá»‹ TIFF máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh (giá»¯a láº¡i). Náº¿u thiáº¿t bá»‹ Ä‘á»c khÃ´ng cÃ³ kháº£ nÄƒng há»— trá»£ cáº£ hai kiá»ƒu <Ä‘á»‹nh vá»‹ YCbCr>, nÃ³ sáº½ dÃ¹ng giÃ¡ trá»‹ TIFF máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh, bá» qua giÃ¡ trá»‹ nÃ o trong trÆ°á»ng nÃ y. Tá»‘t hÆ¡n khi thiáº¿t bá»‹ Ä‘á»c há»— trá»£ cáº£ hai viá»‡c Ä‘á»‹nh vá»‹ giá»¯a láº¡i (centred) vÃ  Ä‘á»‹nh vá»‹ vá»›i nhau (co-sited). GiÃ¡ trá»‹ Ä‘iá»ƒm mÃ u Ä‘en tham chiáº¿u vÃ  giÃ¡ trá»‹ Ä‘iá»ƒm mÃ u tráº¯ng tham chiáº¿u. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ giÃ¡ trá»‹ TIFF máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh, nhÆ°ng nhá»¯ng giÃ¡ trá»‹ bÃªn dÆ°á»›i lÃ  máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh trong trÆ°á»ng há»£p nÃ y. Miá»n mÃ u Ä‘Æ°á»£c khai bÃ¡o trong tháº» thÃ´ng tin miá»n mÃ u, vá»›i giÃ¡ trá»‹ máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ  giÃ¡ trá»‹ cho phÃ©p thao tÃ¡c vá»›i nhau Ä‘áº·c tuyáº¿n áº£nh tá»‘t nháº¥t vá»›i Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n nÃ y. Tá»· lá»‡ láº¥y máº«u cá»§a thÃ nh pháº§n Ä‘á»™ mÃ u so sÃ¡nh vá»›i thÃ nh pháº§n Ä‘á»™ sÃ¡ng. Trong dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG, má»™t dáº¥u hiá»‡u JPEG Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng thay vÃ o tháº» nÃ y. Sá»‘ F nhá» nháº¥t cá»§a á»‘ng kÃ­nh. ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ lÃ  giÃ¡ trá»‹ APEX. BÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng, nÃ³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Æ°a ra trong pháº¡m vi <00.00 â€¦ 99.99>, nhÆ°ng mÃ  nÃ³ váº«n khÃ´ng bá»‹ giá»›i háº¡n thÃ nh pháº¡m vi nÃ y. Há»‡ thá»‘ng khÃ´ng thá»ƒ cung cáº¥p Ä‘á»§ bá»™ nhá»›. Tháº» "%s" chá»©a sá»‘ thÃ nh pháº§n khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡ (%i, cáº§n %i). Tháº» "%s" chá»©a dá»¯ liá»‡u á»Ÿ Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡ ("%s", cáº§n "%s"). Tá»•ng sá»‘ byte trÃªn má»—i máº£nh. Trong dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘Ã£ nÃ©n JPEG, má»™t dáº¥u hiá»‡u JPEG Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng thay vÃ o tháº» nÃ y. ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ Ä‘o <Ä‘á»™ phÃ¢n giáº£i X> vÃ  <Ä‘á»™ phÃ¢n giáº£i Y> (cÃ¹ng má»™t Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹ cho cáº£ hai giÃ¡ trá»‹). Náº¿u khÃ´ng biáº¿t Ä‘á»™ phÃ¢n giáº£i cá»§a áº£nh, cÃ³ Ä‘áº·t giÃ¡ trá»‹ 2 (insÆ¡). GiÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a Ä‘á»™ sÃ¡ng. ÄÆ¡n vá»‹ lÃ  giÃ¡ trá»‹ APEX. BÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng, nÃ³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Æ°a ra trong VÃ¹ng <-99.99 â€¦ 99.99>. PhiÃªn báº£n tiÃªu chuáº©n nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c há»— trá»£. Náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ trÆ°á»ng nÃ y, giáº£ sá»­ khÃ´ng tuÃ¢n theo tiÃªu chuáº©n. Con sá»‘ nÃ y váº«n duy nháº¥t, dá»±a vÃ o ngÃ y thÃ¡ng cháº¿ táº¡o. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t dáº¥u nháº­n diá»‡n Ä‘Æ°á»£c gÃ¡n má»™t cÃ¡ch duy nháº¥t cho má»—i áº£nh. NÃ³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi lÆ°u dáº¡ng chuá»—i  ASCII tÆ°Æ¡ng tÆ°Æ¡ng vá»›i cÃ¡ch ghi há»‡ tháº­p lá»¥c phÃ¢n vÃ  Ä‘á»™ dÃ i cá»‘ Ä‘á»‹nh 12-bit. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t thÃ´ng tin vá» nhá»¯ng Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n chá»¥p áº£nh cá»§a má»™t mÃ´ hÃ¬nh mÃ¡y áº£nh nÃ o Ä‘Ã³. Tháº» nÃ y dÃ¹ng chá»‰ Ä‘á»ƒ cho biáº¿t nhá»¯ng Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n chá»¥p áº£nh trong bá»™ Ä‘á»c. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t Ä‘á»™ Ä‘iá»u chá»‰nh khuáº¿ch Ä‘áº¡i áº£nh toÃ n bá»™. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t tá»· lá»‡ phÃ³ng to sá»‘ vÃ o lÃºc chá»¥p áº£nh. Náº¿u tá»­ sá»‘ cá»§a giÃ¡ trá»‹ Ä‘Ã£ ghi lÆ°u lÃ  0, kháº£ nÄƒng phÃ³ng to sá»‘ Ä‘Ã£ khÃ´ng dÃ¹ng. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t hÆ°á»›ng xá»­ lÃ½ Ä‘á»™ tÆ°Æ¡ng pháº£n Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ã¡p dá»¥ng bá»Ÿi mÃ¡y áº£nh vÃ o lÃºc chá»¥p áº£nh. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t hÆ°á»›ng xá»­ lÃ½ Ä‘á»™ bÃ£o hÃ²a Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ã¡p dá»¥ng bá»Ÿi mÃ¡y áº£nh vÃ o lÃºc chá»¥p áº£nh. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t hÆ°á»›ng xá»­ lÃ½ Ä‘á»™ sáº¯c Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ã¡p dá»¥ng bá»Ÿi mÃ¡y áº£nh vÃ o lÃºc chá»¥p áº£nh. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t khoáº£ng cÃ¡ch tá»›i chá»§ thá»ƒ. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t tiÃªu cá»± tÆ°Æ¡ng Ä‘Æ°Æ¡ng vá»›i mÃ¡y áº£nh phim 35 mm, tÃ­nh theo milimÃ©t. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ 0 cÃ³ nghÄ©a lÃ  khÃ´ng biáº¿t tiÃªu cá»±. Ghi chÃº ráº±ng tháº» nÃ y khÃ¡c vá»›i tháº» FocalLength (Chiá»u dÃ i láº¥y nÃ©t). Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº¯t vÃ o lÃºc chá»¥p áº£nh. Trong cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ tá»± Ä‘á»™ng Ä‘á»‹nh vá»‹ áº£nh giá»¯a ngoáº·c, mÃ¡y áº£nh chá»¥p má»™t dÃ£y khung cá»§a cÃ¹ng má»™t cáº£nh táº¡i má»™t sá»‘ cáº¥p phÆ¡i sÃ¡ng khÃ¡c nhau. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t vá»‹ trÃ­ vÃ  diá»‡n tÃ­ch cá»§a chá»§ thá»ƒ chÃ­nh trong toÃ n bá»™ cáº£nh. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t kiá»ƒu cáº£nh Ä‘Ã£ chá»¥p. CÅ©ng cÃ³ thá»ƒ sá»­ dá»¥ng nÃ³ Ä‘á»ƒ ghi lÆ°u cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ chá»¥p áº£nh. Ghi chÃº ráº±ng nÃ³ khÃ¡c vá»›i tháº» <SceneType> (kiá»ƒu cáº£nh). Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c xá»­ lÃ½ má»™t cÃ¡ch Ä‘áº·c biá»‡t, v.d. Ä‘Æ°á»£c váº½ thÃ­ch há»£p vá»›i káº¿t xuáº¥t. Khi viá»‡c xá»­ lÃ½ Ä‘áº·c biá»‡t Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c hiá»‡n, ngá» bá»™ Ä‘á»c táº¯t hoáº·c tá»‘i thiá»ƒu hÃ³a viá»‡c xá»­ lÃ½ thÃªm nÃ o. Tháº» nÃ y cho biáº¿t cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ cÃ¢n báº±ng tráº¯ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t vÃ o lÃºc chá»¥p áº£nh. Tháº» nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi lÆ°u khi chá»¥p áº£nh báº±ng Ä‘Ã¨n nhÃ¡y. Tháº» nÃ y dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ ghi lÆ°u tÃªn táº­p tin Ã¢m thanh tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh. ThÃ´ng tin tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng duy nháº¥t Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi lÆ°u vÃ o Ä‘Ã¢y lÃ  tÃªn vÃ  pháº§n má»Ÿ rá»™ng cá»§a táº­p tin Ã¢m thanh Exif (má»™t chuá»—i ASCII gá»“m 8 kÃ½ tá»± cá»™ng dáº¥u cháº¥m cá»™ng 3 kÃ½ tá»±: "kkkkkkkk.kkk"). Vá»›i Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n lÃ  tÃªn chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i Ã¢m thanh vÃ  táº­p tin pháº£i Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a trong Ä‘áº·c táº£ ká»¹ thuáº­t. Khi dÃ¹ng tháº» nÃ y, táº­p tin Ã¢m thanh pháº£i Ä‘Æ°á»£c thu vá»›i Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng Ã¢m thanh Exif cÃ³ thá»ƒ hiá»ƒu Ä‘Æ°á»£c. Bá»™ ghi cÅ©ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c phÃ©p lÆ°u dá»¯ liá»‡u nhÆ° Ã¢m thanh á»Ÿ trong APP2, dáº¡ng dá»¯ liá»‡u luá»“ng pháº§n má»Ÿ rá»™ng FlashPix. Viá»‡c Ã¡nh xáº¡ táº­p tin kiá»ƒu áº£nh vÃ  Ã¢m thanh Exif Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c hiá»‡n báº±ng má»™t cá»§a ba cÃ¡ch, [1], [2] vÃ  [3]. Náº¿u nhiá»u táº­p tin Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ã¡nh xáº¡ tá»›i cÃ¹ng má»™t táº­p tin nhÆ° trong [2] hay [3], Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng trÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ ghi lÆ°u chá»‰ má»™t tÃªn táº­p tin Ã¢m thanh. Náº¿u nhiá»u táº­p tin Ã¢m thanh, táº­p tin ghi Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»£c sá»­ dá»¥ng. Trong trÆ°á»ng há»£p [3], láº¥y thÃ­ dá»¥, Ä‘á»‘i vá»›i táº­p tin áº£nh Exif "DSC00001.JPG", chá»‰ coi "SND00001.WAV" nhÆ° lÃ  táº­p tin Ã¢m thanh Exif tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng. Khi cÃ³ ba táº­p tin Ã¢m thanh Exif, "SND00001.WAV", "SND00002.WAV" vÃ  "SND00003.WAV", cho biáº¿t ráº±ng táº­p tin áº£nh Exif ("DSC00001.JPG") cho cáº£ ba táº­p tin Ä‘Ã³. Báº±ng cÃ¡ch há»£p nháº¥t nhiá»u thÃ´ng tin tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng khÃ¡c nhau, cÅ©ng cÃ³ thá»ƒ há»— trá»£ nhiá»u kháº£ nÄƒng phÃ¡t láº¡i khÃ¡c nhau. PhÆ°Æ¡ng phÃ¡p sá»­ dá»¥ng thÃ´ng tin cÃ³ quan há»‡ thÃ¬ nhá» sá»± thá»±c hiá»‡n bÃªn chá»©c nÄƒng phÃ¡t láº¡i. VÃ¬ thÃ´ng tin nÃ y náº±m trong má»™t chuá»—i kÃ½ tá»± ASCII, nÃ³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c NULL cháº¥m dá»©t. Khi tháº» nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ Ã¡nh xáº¡ táº­p tin kiá»ƒu Ã¢m thanh, quan há»‡ giá»¯a táº­p tin Ã¢m thanh vÃ  dá»¯ liá»‡u áº£nh cÅ©ng pháº£i Ä‘Æ°á»£c chá»‰ ra á»Ÿ cuá»‘i táº­p tin Ã¢m thanh. Tháº» nÃ y ghi lÆ°u báº£ng táº§n sá»‘ khÃ´ng gian vÃ  cÃ¡c giÃ¡ trá»‹ SFR cá»§a mÃ¡y áº£nh hay thiáº¿t bá»‹ nháº­p, vá» hÆ°á»›ng Ä‘á»™ rá»™ng áº£nh, Ä‘á»™ cao áº£nh vÃ  hÆ°á»›ng chÃ©o, nhÆ° Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi rÃµ trong ISO 12233. Tháº» nÃ y ghi lÆ°u tÃªn vÃ  phiÃªn báº£n cá»§a pháº§n má»m hay pháº§n vá»¯ng cá»§a mÃ¡y áº£nh hay thiáº¿t bá»‹ áº£nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ táº¡o ra áº£nh. KhÃ´ng ghi rÃµ Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng chi tiáº¿t, nhÆ°ng mÃ  khuyÃªn theo thÃ­ dá»¥ Ä‘Æ°á»£c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ bÃªn dÆ°á»›i. Khi trÆ°á»ng nÃ y trá»‘ng, giÃ¡ trá»‹ Ä‘Æ°á»£c xá»­ lÃ½ lÃ  khÃ´ng rÃµ. Tháº» nÃ y ghi lÆ°u tÃªn cá»§a ngÆ°á»i sá»Ÿ há»¯u mÃ¡y áº£nh, nhÃ  nhiáº¿p áº£nh hay ngÆ°á»i táº¡o áº£nh. KhÃ´ng ghi rÃµ Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng chi tiáº¿t, nhÆ°ng mÃ  khuyÃªn ghi thÃ´ng tin theo thÃ­ dá»¥ bÃªn dÆ°á»›i, Ä‘á»ƒ lÃ m dá»… dÃ ng thao thÃ¡c vá»›i nhau. Khi trÆ°á»ng nÃ y trá»‘ng, giÃ¡ trá»‹ Ä‘Æ°á»£c xá»­ lÃ½ lÃ  khÃ´ng rÃµ. Tháº» nÃ y dÃ nh riÃªng sá»©c chá»©a cÃ³ thá»ƒ gÃ¡n láº¡i vá» sau khi thÃªm siÃªu dá»¯ liá»‡u. 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